Table 2.
Estimated adjusted incidence risk ratio (and 95% confidence interval) for the effect of burst suppression on various outcomes for which unbiased estimates could be made according to the conceptual causal diagram
| Outcome | Effect | Controlled variable | Burst suppression | Incidence risk ratioa (95% confidence interval) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakthrough seizure | Total = Direct | Etiology Status epilepticus severity score Dose of midazolam |
Yes | 0.30 (0.13–0.74) | 0.009 |
| Withdrawal seizure | Total | Etiology Status epilepticus severity score Dose of midazolam |
Yes | 2.04 (0.76–5.47) | 0.157 |
| Direct | Breakthrough seizure Dose of midazolam |
Yes | 2.71 (0.89–8.25) | 0.080 | |
| In-hospital mortality | Total | Etiology Status epilepticus severity score Dose of midazolam Time to midazolam therapy |
Yes | 2.02 (0.74–5.54) | 0.170 |
| Direct | Breakthrough seizure Cardiac complication Dose of midazolam Etiology Pulmonary complication Fever/infection Status epilepticus severity score Time to midazolam therapy |
Yes | 3.25 (0.70–15.02) | 0.131 | |
| Poor functional outcome at 3 months | Total | Etiology Dose of midazolam Time to midazolam therapy Status epilepticus severity score |
Yes | 0.75 (0.22–2.57) | 0.646 |
| Poor functional outcome at 3 months | Direct | Breakthrough seizure Withdrawal seizure Dose of midazolam Etiology Status epilepticus severity score Cardiac complication Pulmonary complication Fever/infection Time to midazolam therapy |
Yes | 0.13 (0.01–1.67) | 0.116 |
| Pulmonary complication | Total = Direct | Dose of midazolam Status epilepticus severity score |
Yes | 1.13 (0.46–2.82) | 0.785 |
| Cardiac complication | Total = Direct | Dose of midazolam Status epilepticus severity score |
Yes | 0.90 (0.25–3.27) | 0.872 |
| Fever/infection | Total = Direct | Status epilepticus severity score | Yes | 1.38 (0.55–3.46) | 0.498 |
aAdjusted for confounding and/or intermediate as required by the DAG