Table 1.
Reviewed patients with astroblastoma (epidemiological, clinical, radiologic, immunohistochemical, and grading characteristics)
| Reference | Age /Gender | Location | Symptoms | MRI | Immunohistochemistry | Grade | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMA | VIM | GFAP | PS100 | NF | CK | Ki67 | P53 | ||||||
| Thiessen et al. (1998) [27] | 5; F | PL | LG | ||||||||||
| Thiessen et al. (1998) [27] | 51; F | FL | Seizures | LG | |||||||||
| Thiessen et al. (1998) [27] | 5; F | PL | Diplopia, headaches | Cystic, contrast-enhancing mass with a ring of contrast enhancement and a peritumoral edema | LG | ||||||||
| Thiessen et al. (1998) [27] | 16; F | POL | Headaches | HG | |||||||||
| Thiessen et al. (1998) [27] | 5; F | POL | Headaches | HG | |||||||||
| Thiessen et al. (1998) [27] | 1; F | FL | HG | ||||||||||
| Thiessen et al. (1998) [27] | 5; M | TL | HG | ||||||||||
| Port et al. (2002) [5] | 30; M | FL | Well-circumscribed, lobulated mass with cystic and bubbly solid components and intense heterogeneous enhancement | LG | |||||||||
| Port et al. (2002) [5] | 42; F | TL | Well-circumscribed, lobulated, mass with cystic and bubbly solid components and with calcifications | LG | |||||||||
| Port et al. (2002) [5] | 24; F | Well-circumscribed, lobulated, mass with cystic and bubbly solid components | LG | ||||||||||
| Port et al. (2002) [5] | 5; F | Solid and cystic mass with intense heterogeneous enhancement of the solid portion and rim enhancement of the cystic portion | HG | ||||||||||
| Port et al. (2002) [5] | 3; F | Supratentorial | Well-circumscribed, heterogeneous mass with bubbly appearance and heterogeneous enhancement of the solid component and with cystic changes | HG | |||||||||
| Port et al. (2002) [5] | 15; F | Corpus callosum | Solid and cystic mass with heterogeneous enhancement of the solid portion and rim enhancement around the cystic portion | HG | |||||||||
| Sugita et al. (2002) [28] | 33; F | FL | Seizures | Enhancing lesion mass | + | ++ | + | + | – | 2% | LG | ||
| Cabrera-Zubizarreta et al. (2002) [29] | 18; F | FL | Motor deficit, headaches, diplopia | Well-circumscribed heterogeneous mass with solid and cystic areas | LG | ||||||||
| Kim et al. (2004) [30] | 15; F | FL | Headaches, diplopia, nasal hemianopia | Well-demarcated mass with cystic changes and with inhomogeneous enhancement after an injection of gadolinium | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | – | 8% | 16% | LG |
| Caroli et al. (2004) [31] | 30; M | TL | Coma | Tumor with inhomogeneous enhancement | ++ | 8% | HG | ||||||
| Kaji et al. (2006) [32] | 17; M | Frontal operculum | Diplopia, headaches, hemiparesis | Solid and cystic mass with homogeneous enhancement after gadolinium | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | 5.6% | LG | |||
| Lau et al. (2006) [33] | 21; F | Parietal | PL | Well-defined, lobulated, contrast-enhancing mass with cystic change | + | ++ | ++ | > 5% | LG | ||||
| Miranda et al. (2006) [34] | 42; F | FL | Headache, seizure | Well-defined solid cystic mass with a heterogenous contrast enhancement | + | + | + | ||||||
| Hata et al. (2006) [35] | 16; F | PL | Headaches | Cystic, well enhanced with gadolinium mass | ++ | 2% | LG | ||||||
| Kubota et al. (2006) [36] | 8; F | FPL | Headache, deterioration of consciousness level, motor weakness | Heterogeneously enhanced large circumscribed round mass with peritumoral edema | + | ++ | ++ | – | + | 15.6% | HG | ||
| Alaraj et al. (2007) [8] | 33; M | TL | Headache, nausea | Highly vascular hemorrhagic lesion with edema and heterogeneous contrast enhancement | – | ++ | ++ | 15% | HG | ||||
| Notarianni et al. (2008) [9] | 20; F | Brainstem | Headaches, numbness, diplopia, blurred vision, ataxia | Well-circumscribed, contrast-enhancing cystic lesion | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | – | – | ≈7% | ? | |
| Eom et al. (2008) [1] | 20; F | TL | Headache | Isointense mass with bubble-like appearance, little peritumoral edema, cleft-like area and a strong heterogeneous contrast enhancement after contrast injection | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | 16% | 14.8% | HG? | |
| Fathi et al. (2008) [37] | 53; M | PL | Lethargy, headaches, impairment of memory and word finding, unsteady gait | Remarkably circumscribed, contrast-enhancing mass with perifocal edema | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | – | < 1%; 4% in the recurrent tumor | LG | |
| Unal et al. (2008) [38] | 4; M | FPL | Deficits of balance and difficulty with walking | Cystic mass with solid mural nodule, little l edema, and heterogeneous contrast enhancement | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | HG | |||
| Salvati et al. (2009) [39] | 30; M | TL | Intracranial hypertension | Cystic circular lesion with inhomogeneous enhancement and very light edema | + | ++ | 8% | HG | |||||
| Salvati et al. (2009) [39] | 27; F | POL | Seizure | + | ++ | LG | |||||||
| Salvati et al. (2009) [39] | 39; F | TL | Aphasia | + | ++ | LG | |||||||
| Salvati et al. (2009) [39] | 43; F | FL | Hemiparesis | Circular lesion with a ring-shaped contrast enhancement | + | ++ | LG | ||||||
| Salvati et al. (2009) [39] | 33; M | Rolandic area | Hemiparesis | + | ++ | HG | |||||||
| Salvati et al. (2009) [39] | 50; F | OL | Hemianopsia | + | ++ | HG | |||||||
| Kemerdere et al. (2009) [40] | 6; F | FPL | Nausea, vomiting, loss of balance and falls, hemiparesis, facial nerve palsy | Prominently cystic mass containing solid parts with heterogeneous enhancement after gadolinium injection | ++ | ++ | ++ | 7% | HG | ||||
| Kemerdere et al. (2009) [40] | 7; F | PL | Seizure | Solid mass with prominent gadolinium enhancement | ++ | ++ | 5% | HG | |||||
| Mastrangelo et al. (2010) [41] | 21; F | FPL | Headaches, vomiting | ++ | ++ | ++ | 30% | HG | |||||
| Mastrangelo et al. (2010) [41] | 12; F | TL | Headaches | Contrast-enhancing, well-defined lobulated mass, with little peritumoral edema and multiple cysts included in the solid component | – | + | – | 5–10% | HG | ||||
| Bergkåsa et al. (2011) [3] | 50; F | FL | Seizures | Well-circumscribed mass with patchy contrast enhancement | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | 10% | HG | ||
| Bhattacharjee et al. (2011) [42] | 4; F | POL | Irregularity of the bone over the parietal region, headache | Solido-cystic lesion with heterogeneous enhancement after gadolinium injection and bone erosion | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | 15% | HG | |||
| Agarwal et al. (2012) [2] | 12; F | PL | Headache, diplopia | Well-demarcated mass with peripheral contrast enhancement | ++ | ++ | LG | ||||||
| Khosla et al. (2012) [43] | 11; F | FPL | Headache, vomiting, blurring of vision, seizures | Well-defined solid cystic mass with a strong heterogenous contrast enhancement | + | + | + | 4% | HG | ||||
| Nasit and Trivedi (2013) [44] | 10; F | FPL | Headaches, seizures | Lobulated well-defined solido-cystic lesion with thick and intense peripheral contrast enhancement and edema | – | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | – | 0.5% | LG | |
| De la Garma et al. (2014) [45] | 9; F | FPL | Headaches, nausea, vomiting, hemiparesis, seizures, aphasia | Multicystic lesion with bubbly heterogenous pattern with minimal edema and a mixed solid and peripheral rim enhancement after contrast injection | + | ++ | ++ | ≈40% | HG | ||||
| Janz and Buhl (2014) [17] | 16; F | POL | Headaches, nausea, dizziness, vomiting | Hypointense lesion in T1-WI with peritumoral edema and peripheral, heterogenous bubbly enhancement | ++ | + | LG with transition to HG | ||||||
| Janz and Buhl (2014) [17] | 24; F | TL | Headaches, seizures | Partly cystic mass with rim contrast enhancement of media and limited perifocal edema | ++ | + | + | focally > 30% | HG | ||||
| Singh et al. (2014) [6] | 12; F | PL | Seizures, headache, vomiting | Well-defined hyperintense, contrast-enhancing cystic lesion with mural nodule | ++ | ++ | ++ | LG | |||||
| Yao et al. (2015) [46] | 36; M | OTL | Headaches, nausea, vomiting | – | + | + | – | – | < 2% | LG | |||
| Narayan et al. (2015) [47] | 16, M | OTL | Headaches, vomiting | Heterogenous mass with solid and cystic components with perilesional edema and calcifications | – | + | + | + | – | 2–4% | < 10% | LG | |
| Barakat et al. (2016) [48] | 40; M | FL | Headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion | Well-demarcated enhancing, partially cystic, partially calcified lesion | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ? | ||||
| Singla et al. (2016) [49] | 30; F | FL | Headaches, altered sensorium, weakness | Well-defined spherical lesion with edema and hemorrhage | LG | ||||||||
| Singla et al. (2016) [49] | 11; M | FPL | Seizures | Lobulated lesion heterogeneously enhanced with gadolinium | HG | ||||||||
| Yuzawa et al. (2016) [50] | 18, F | Headache, nausea, numbness in the face and upper limb | Well-circumscribed, solid, and cystic lesion with a bubbly appearance, little perilesional edema, and marked contrast enhancement | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | 10.8% | LG | |||
| Yeo et al. (2016) [51] | 35; M | Lateral ventricle | Limb numbness and weakness | Lobulated, heterogenous mass | ++ | LG | |||||||
| Our case | 8; F | OTL | Seizure, headaches, decreased visual acuity | Well-demarcated mass with a multicystic component, bubbly appearance, a strong contrast enhancement after contrast injection, and peritumoral edema | – | + | 7% | – | LG | ||||
– negative immunostaining, + focal immunostaining, ++ diffuse immunostaining, CK cytokeratin, EMA epithelial membrane antigen, F female, FL frontal lobe, FPL fronto-parietal lobe, GFAP glial fibrillary acid protein, HG high grade, LG low grade, M male, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, NF neurofilament, OL occipital lobe, OTL occipito-temporal lobe, PL parietal lobe, POL parieto-occipital lobe, TL temporal lobe, VIM vimentin