Figure 4.

Administration of PEG-CBS Improves or Normalizes Multiple Plasma Biomarkers of Lipid Metabolism, Liver Function, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in I278T Mice

Plasma lipids (A), biomarkers of liver function and oxidative stress (B), and various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (C) were determined in samples from ∼10–13-month-old I278T mice injected with PEG-CBS for a period of ∼6–9 months prior to the study end (three times a week, s.c., 7.5 mg/kg; n = 13, hatched bars) and compared to age-matched untreated positive (n = 13, white bars) and negative controls (n = 13, black bars). (A) Plasma concentrations of total, HDL-bound, and LDL-bound cholesterols and triglycerides. (B) Comparison of plasma activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). (C) Six out of 23 determined cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors: IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, G-CSF, MCP-1, and TNF-α. Columns that are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05) are indicated by having a different letter above the column, with no letter indicating non-significance. Two letters indicate that the column is not significantly different from the single-letter-designated columns.