Table 2.
Basal parasympathetic outflow in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and age-matched controls. Data from standardized tests of autonomic function including the deep breathing test, the active standing test, and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are shown.
| Patients with AF | Controls | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deep breathing test | (n=21) | (n=8) | |
| E-I difference [min−1] (norm: ≥5) | 5.7±0.9 | 10.8±2.2 | 0.02 |
| <5 min−1 [n, (%)] | 8 (38) | 2 (25) | 0.6749 |
| E-I ratio (norm: ≥1.10) | 1.11±0.09 | 1.16±0.04 | 1.0 |
| <1.10 [n, (%)] | 8 (38) | 2 (25) | 0.6749 |
| Active standing test | (n=17) | (n=8) | |
| 30/15 ratio (norm: ≥1.09) | 1.16±0.03 | 1.22±0.08 | 1.0 |
| <1.09 [n, (%)] | 8 (47) | 2 (25) | 0.4018 |
| Baroreflex sensitivity | (n=19) | (n=8) | |
| BRS [ms/mmHg] (norm: ≥9.3) | 10.5±1.6 | 11.2±2.6 | 0.9918 |
| <9.3 [n, (%)] | 11 (58) | 4 (50) | 1.0 |