Table 2. Muscle architecture per soleus compartment at short muscle lengths, long muscle lengths and the change in architecture from short to long lengths (change = long-short).
Values are means ± SDs over all subjects of the average parameter value of all fascicles in a muscle compartment. For the whole muscle (last three rows), values are means ± SDs over all subjects of the summed (for volume and PCSA) or average (for fascicle length, pennation and curvature) value over all compartments.
| Compartment | Condition | Volume (cm3) | PCSA (cm2) | Fascicle length (mm) | Pennation angle (°) | Curvature (/m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medial-anterior | Short | 33.5 ± 10.1 | 9.3 ± 3.5 | 37.7 ± 9.3 | 22.0 ± 4.7 | 15.3 ± 4.4 |
| Long | 33.5 ± 11.0 | 6.7 ± 2.4 | 51.9 ± 13.3 | 17.3 ± 3.1 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | |
| Change | 0.0 ± 2.1 | −2.6 ± 1.8 | 14.2 ± 7.3 | −4.7 ± 2.5 | −7.4 ± 3.8 | |
| Lateral-anterior | Short | 40.4 ± 14.4 | 10.9 ± 4.1 | 37.7 ± 10.4 | 27.1 ± 4.1 | 16.1 ± 3.9 |
| Long | 37.0 ± 13.2 | 8.0 ± 2.3 | 45.9 ± 9.2 | 18.6 ± 1.8 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | |
| Change | −3.4 ± 4.7 | −3.0 ± 2.8 | 8.3 ± 3.7 | −8.5 ± 2.6 | −8.4 ± 3.1 | |
| Medial-posterior | Short | 146.6 ± 29.1 | 41.5 ± 8.8 | 36.0 ± 7.5 | 38.3 ± 7.7 | 19.7 ± 4.3 |
| Long | 139.4 ± 25.1 | 30.7 ± 5.1 | 45.9 ± 7.5 | 24.5 ± 3.7 | 11.4 ± 2.5 | |
| Change | −7.2 ± 5.5 | −10.9 ± 4.2 | 9.9 ± 1.3 | −13.9 ± 5.3 | −8.3 ± 3.6 | |
| Lateral-posterior | Short | 141.7 ± 47.4 | 40.1 ± 12.5 | 35.7 ± 7.9 | 34.9 ± 4.3 | 18.6 ± 3.2 |
| Long | 139.2 ± 50.1 | 29.9 ± 7.8 | 46.2 ± 10.1 | 24.2 ± 2.4 | 10.8 ± 2.8 | |
| Change | −2.5 ± 5.4 | −10.2 ± 5.6 | 10.5 ± 3.7 | −10.7 ± 4.0 | −7.8 ± 2.4 | |
| Whole-muscle | Short | 362.2 ± 59.2 | 101.8 ± 19.1 | 36.8 ± 8.4 | 30.6 ± 3.3 | 17.4 (3.6) |
| Long | 349.1 ± 57.6 | 75.2 ± 8.0 | 47.5 ± 8.6 | 21.1 ± 1.9 | 9.4 ± 1.9 | |
| Change | −13.1 ± 9.7 | −26.6 ± 11.5 | 10.7 ± 2.7 | −9.4 ± 2.6 | −8.0 ± 2.9 |