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. 2018 Mar 26;115(16):4194–4199. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1712629115

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Idealized theoretical scenarios in which body mass optimum increases. Nine different scenarios are illustrated in which the optimal body mass of a clade increases when it transitions from the terrestrial regime to the aquatic regime. These scenarios represent combinations of discrete threefold increases and/or decreases in the phylogenetic half-life (PHL) and stationary variance (SV) upon a clade entering the aquatic regime. In all scenarios, the optimum, PHL, and SV of the terrestrial regime are 3.5, 7.0, and 0.5, respectively, and the optimum of the aquatic regime is 5.5. A, D, and G show an increase in PHF; B, E, and F show no change in PHL; and C, F, and I show a decrease in PHL. A–C show a decrease in SV; D–F show no change in SV; and G–I show an increase in SV. The protein availability, neutral buoyancy, and habitat area hypotheses predict any of G, H, or I. The thermoregulation hypothesis predicts B, C, E, or F.