Table 3.
The Effect of Low Perceived Harm and Addictiveness on E-cigarette Initiation (Multilevel Discrete-time Hazard Models)
| Perceived Harm Model 1 |
Perceived Harm with Interaction Model 2 |
Perceived Addictiveness Model 3 |
Perceived Addictiveness with Interaction Model 4 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | Parameter Estimate | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Parameter Estimate | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Parameter Estimate | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Parameter Estimate | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
| Period 1 | −3.54 | 0.03*** (0.01 – 0.10) | −3.68 | 0.03*** (0.01 – 0.09) | −3.81 | 0.02*** (0.01 – 0.08) | −3.89 | 0.02*** (0.01 – 0.07) |
| Period 2 | −3.85 | 0.02*** (0.01 – 0.08) | −4.00 | 0.02*** (0.01 – 0.07) | −4.12 | 0.02*** (0.00 – 0.06) | −4.21 | 0.01*** (0.00 – 0.05) |
| Period 3 | −3.78 | 0.02*** (0.01 – 0.08) | −3.93 | 0.02*** (0.01 – 0.07) | −4.05 | 0.02*** (0.00 – 0.06) | −4.13 | 0.02*** (0.00 – 0.06) |
| Period 4 | −4.52 | 0.01*** (0.00 – 0.04) | −4.67 | 0.01*** (0.00 – 0.04) | −4.79 | 0.01*** (0.00 – 0.03) | −4.87 | 0.01*** (0.00 – 0.03) |
| Perceived harm (T-1) | 0.06 | 1.06 (0.95 – 1.18) | .12 | 1.13* (1.00 – 1.27) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Perceived addictiveness (T-1) | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.23 | 1.26** (1.08 – 1.46) | 0.30 | 1.34*** (1.14 – 1.58) |
| Current Cigarette Use x Perceived harm (T-1) | -- | -- | −0.37 | 0.69* (0.51 –0.92) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Current Cigarette Use x Perceived Addictiveness (T-1) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.41 | 0.67* (0.45 –0.99) |
| Age | 0.02 | 1.02 (0.97 – 1.08) | 0.02 | 1.02 (0.97 – 1.08) | 0.02 | 1.02 (0.97 – 1.08) | 0.02 | 1.02 (0.97 – 1.08) |
| Sex | −0.12 | 0.89 (0.73 – 1.09) | −0.11 | 0.89 (0.73 – 1.09) | −0.12 | 0.89 (0.73 – 1.08) | −0.13 | 0.88 (0.72 –1.07) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White (ref) | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 0.34 | 1.41** (1.10 – 1.79) | 0.34 | 1.40** (1.10 – 1.79) | 0.31 | 1.36 (1.07 – 1.74) | 0.31 | 1.36* (1.07 – 1.73) |
| African- American | 0.03 | 1.03 (0.69 – 1.53) | 0.04 | 1.04 (0.70 – 1.55) | 0.00 | 1.00 (0.67 – 1.49) | 0.00 | 1.00 (0.67 – 1.49) |
| Asian | 0.08 | 1.08 (0.82 – 1.42) | 0.10 | 1.10 (0.84 – 1.45) | 0.05 | 1.05 (0.80 – 1.39) | 0.05 | 1.05 (0.80 – 1.39) |
| Other | 0.31 | 1.36 (0.94 – 1.97 | 0.32 | 1.38 (0.95 – 2.00) | 0.30 | 1.35 (0.93 – 1.95) | 0.30 | 1.36 (0.93 – 1.97) |
| School level | −0.05 | .95 (0.64 – 1.42) | −0.06 | 0.95 (0.63 – 1.41) | −0.06 | 0.95 (0.63 – 1.41) | −0.07 | 0.94 (0.63 – 1.40) |
| Current Cigarette Use | 1.05 | 2.84*** (2.09 – 3.86) | 1.85 | 6.39*** (3.21 – 12.73) | 1.03 | 2.80*** (2.06 – 3.80) | 1.79 | 5.99*** (2.70 – 13.26) |
| Other Tobacco | ||||||||
| None (ref) | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 |
| 1 product | 1.08 | 2.93*** (2.21 – 3.89) | 1.09 | 2.98*** (2.25 – 3.96) | 1.07 | 2.92*** (2.20 – 3.87) | 1.06 | 2.90*** (2.18 – 3.84) |
| 2+ products | 1.30 | 3.69*** (2.12 – 6.44) | 1.40 | 4.04*** (2.31 – 7.05) | 1.30 | 3.65*** (2.09 – 6.38) | 1.33 | 3.80*** (2.18 – 6.61) |
| Other Substances | ||||||||
| None (ref) | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 |
| 1 substance | 0.92 | 2.53*** (2.03 – 3.15) | 0.93 | 2.53*** (2.03 – 3.15) | 0.91 | 2.49*** (2.00 – 3.11) | 0.91 | 2.50*** (2.00 – 3.11) |
| 2 substances | 1.21 | 3.35*** (2.38 – 4.73) | 1.21 | 3.35*** (2.37 – 4.71) | 1.19 | 3.27*** (2.32 – 4.61) | 1.19 | 3.31*** (2.35 – 4.66) |
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001
Bolded indicates statistical significance, p<.05