Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at study entry
| Covariates | Total Observations (N=4121) |
With HTN (N=3250) |
Without HTN (N=871) |
p-value for difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 69.6 ± 8.1 | 70.2 ± 0.14 | 66.8 ± 8.1 | <0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 1909 (46.3%) | 1568 (47.3%) | 341 (42.3%) | 0.010 |
|
| ||||
| HEALTH STATUS VARIABLES | ||||
| BMI kg/m2 (mean, SD) | 29.2 ± 6.2 | 29.8 ± 6.4 | 26.8 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
| -Obese (n, %) | 1471 (35.7%) | 1272 (42.3%) | 199 (23.8%) | <0.001 |
| -Overweight (n, %) | 1430 (34.7%) | 1109 (34.5%) | 321 (35.3%) | 0.660 |
|
| ||||
| Systolic pressure (mean, SD) | 136.9 ± 20.4 | 140.5 ± 20.5 | 121.8 ± 10.6 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure (mean, SD) | 80.8 ± 11.9 | 82.0 ± 12.3 | 75.5 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mean, SD) | 99.5 ± 13.0 | 101.5 ± 13.2 | 90.9 ± 7.6 | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure (mean, SD) | 56.2 ± 16.9 | 58.5 ± 17.4 | 46.3 ± 45.6 | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes (n, %) | 933 (22.6%) | 866 (26.1%) | 67 (8.3%) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| RACE/ETHNICITY | ||||
| -White (n, %) | 2920 (70.0%) | 2316 (70.1%) | 604 (75.0%) | <0.001 |
| -Black (n, %) | 651 (15.8%) | 574 (17.4%) | 77 (9.6%) | |
| -Hispanic (n, %) | 439 (10.7%) | 332 (10.1%) | 107 (13.3%) | |
| -Other (n, %) | 97 (2.4%) | 80 (2.4%) | 17 (2.1%) | |
|
| ||||
| BEHAVIORAL VARIABLES | ||||
| Current tobacco use | 0.115 | |||
| -Yes (n, %) | 714 (17.3%) | 559 (16.9%) | 155 (19.2%) | |
| -No (n, %) | 1719 (41.7%) | 2755 (83.1%) | 652 (80.8%) | |
| Physical Activity | <0.001 | |||
| - <3 times per week (n, %) | 1,172 (28.4%) | 1017 (31.3%) | 155 (17.8%) | |
| - ≥3 times per week (n, %) | 2,949 (71.6%) | 2292 (70.5%) | 651 (74.7%) | |
|
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| SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES | ||||
| Education level | <0.001 | |||
| - <High school (n, %) | 887 (21.5%) | 758 (22.9%) | 129 (16.0%) | |
| - High school equivalent (n, %) | 1059 (25.7%) | 879 (26.5%) | 180 (22.3%) | |
| - Some college (n, %) | 1239 (30.1%) | 990 (29.9%) | 249 (30.9%) | |
| - College degree or greater (n, %) | 936 (22.7%) | 687 (20.7%) | 249 (30.9%) | |
| Median household income (mean, SD) | 54,259 ± 26,039 | 53,152 ± 28,783 | 58,838 ± 28,783 | <0.001 |
| Percent census track below poverty line (mean, SD) | 14.8 ± 12.2 | 15.2 ± 12.3 | 13.2 ± 11.3 | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| POLLUTANT (mean, SD) | ||||
| - PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 10.4 ± 3.0 | 10.5 ± 3.0 | 10.1 ± 3.0 | 0.001 |