Table 5.
Association between systolic and pulse pressures and one-year moving averages of PM2.5a stratified by participant characteristics
| Characteristics | Systolic pressure (mm Hg)b β (95% CI) |
Interaction p value |
Pulse Pressure (mm Hg)b P (95% CI) |
Interaction p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.999 | 0.648 | ||
| -Male | 0.93 (−0.24, 2.09) | 0.75 (−0.15, 1.66) | ||
| -Female | 0.93 (−0.16, 2.01) | 1.01 (0.16, 1.87) | ||
|
| ||||
| Age | 0.770 | |||
| -Below Median (70) | 1.04 (0.11, 1.96) | 0.466 | 0.93 (0.21, 1.65) | |
| -Above Median (70) | 0.81 (−0.13, 1.75) | 0.85 (0.12, 1.58) | ||
|
| ||||
| BMI | 0.453 | 0.078 | ||
| <30 | 0.83 (−0.67, 2.65) | 1.08 (0.37, 1.80) | ||
| ≥30 | 1.06 (0.11, 2.01) | 0.64 (−0.09, 1.38) | ||
|
| ||||
| Smoker | 0.930 | 0.081 | ||
| -Current tobacco | 0.99 (−0.82, 2.83) | 1.93 (0.61, 3.25) | ||
| -No current | 0.91 (−0.03, 1.86) | 0.68 (−0.06, 1.41) | ||
|
| ||||
| Physical Activity | 0.834 | 0.464 | ||
| >3 times/week | 0.99 (−0.07, 2.05) | 1.07 (0.24, 1.90) | ||
| ≤3 times/week | 0.85 (−0.30, 2.00) | 0.68 (−0.22, 1.57) | ||
|
| ||||
| Education | 0.166 | 0.218 | ||
| >High school | 0.49 (−0.55, 1.54) | 0.59 (−0.25, 1.42) | ||
| ≤High school | 1.53 (0.27, 2.78) | 1.33 (0.35, 2.31) | ||
|
| ||||
| History of Diabetes | 0.220 | 0.071 | ||
| -Yes | 1.75 (0.18, 3.31) | 1.85 (0.62, 3.09) | ||
| -No | 0.71 (−0.24, 1.66) | 0.64 (−0.10, 1.38) | ||
|
| ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.571 | 0.485 | ||
| -White | 1.07 (0.11, 2.02) | 1.00 (0.26, 1.75) | ||
| -Non-White | 0.54 (−1.14, 2.22) | 0.49 (−0.83, 1.81) | ||
a
IQR PM: 1 year: 3.91 µg/m3
b
Model includes PM2.5, BMI, age, sex, , anti-hypertensive medication (loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, alpha blockers, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators and ARBs), education, diabetes status, race, tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, region, urbanicity, census track data on median household income and percent of households living below the poverty line