Table 5. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pancreatic cancer risk according to category of BMI during early adulthood among females.
| Categories of BMI during early adulthood (kg/m2) | Trend P | Heterogeneity [P, I2 (%)] | ||||||||
| <19 | 19 to <21 | 21 to <23 | 23 to <25 | 25 to <27 | ≥27 | Trend (per 1 kg/m2) |
For trend | For the highest category | ||
| Number of subjects (N) | 14,139 | 28,651 | 30,660 | 17,693 | 7,575 | 3,698 | ||||
| Person-years (N) | 191,598.8 | 393,283.2 | 416,524.7 | 236,854.3 | 97,697.5 | 45,357.3 | ||||
| Number of cases (N) | 38 | 99 | 132 | 79 | 36 | 15 | ||||
| Crude rate (per 100,000) | 19.83 | 25.17 | 31.69 | 33.35 | 36.85 | 33.07 | ||||
| HR (model 1) overall | 0.82 (0.55–1.22) | 1.00 (0.67–1.50) | 1.06 (0.80–1.41) | Reference | 0.95 (0.54–1.66) | 0.75 (0.42–1.35) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.754 | P = 0.208, 32.0 | P = 0.381, 4.4 |
| HR (model 2) overall | 0.85 (0.56–1.27) | 1.03 (0.70–1.51) | 1.13 (0.84–1.50) | Reference | 1.01 (0.64–1.59) | 0.77 (0.44–1.36) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.744 | P = 0.252, 25.4 | P = 0.586, 0 |
| HR (model 1) excluding early cases | 0.95 (0.62–1.44) | 1.06 (0.67–1.69) | 1.16 (0.86–1.58) | Reference | 1.00 (0.60–1.67) | 0.87 (0.48–1.57) | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.709 | P = 0.194, 34.1 | P = 0.405, 0.1 |
| HR (model 2) excluding early cases | 0.99 (0.64–1.52) | 1.09 (0.70–1.69) | 1.25 (0.91–1.71) | Reference | 1.07 (0.69–1.67) | 0.90 (0.50–1.64) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.715 | P = 0.232, 28.4 | P = 0.605, 0 |
Model 1 adjusted for age and area (within each study for JPHC and JACC). Model 2 adjusted for age, area, smoking (pack-years [PY] = 0, 0 < PY ≤ 20, >20, or unknown), drinking (never, <1 week/day, current <23 g/day, ≥23 g/day, or unknown), and history of diabetes (yes, no, or unknown). HRs values in bold show statistical significance. BMI during early adulthood was evaluated only in JPHC II, JACC, Takayama, Miyazaki, and Ohsaki.