Table 3.

Association of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health behavior–related covariates with CIN-III and ICC (VHM&PP, 1985–2003)

Covariate	Category	CIN-III (n = 702)	ICC (n = 117)
		HR (95% CI)*	HR (95% CI)*
Age (y)†	<28	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
	28–39	0.95 (0.77–1.17)	0.56 (0.26–1.21)
	39–53	1.13 (0.75–1.70)	2.04 (0.70–6.00)
	>53	1.06 (0.45–2.50)	8.49 (1.99–36.3)
	P trend*	0.59	0.02
BMI (kg/m2)†	<20.9	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
	20.9–23.3	0.88 (0.73–1.05)	0.73 (0.41–1.31)
	23.4–26.6	0.71 (0.57–0.88)	0.88 (0.50–1.53)
	>26.6	0.60 (0.47–0.78)	0.89 (0.51–1.55)
	P trend*	<0.0001	0.91
Gynecologic examinations (no.)	0	n.a‡	1.00 (Referent)
	1–2	1.00 (Referent)	0.78 (0.47–1.29)
	3–5	0.77 (0.65–0.92)	0.30 (0.16–0.55)
	≥6	0.28 (0.22–0.34)	0.06 (0.03–0.14)
	P trend*	<0.0001	<0.0001
Occupational status	White collar	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
	Blue collar	1.02 (0.86–1.20)	1.20 (0.81–1.76)
	Self-employed	0.79 (0.60–1.04)	0.98 (0.48–1.98)
	P trend*	0.28	0.43
Smoking	Never	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
	Current/former	2.05 (1.76–2.39)	1.63 (1.07–2.50)
	P trend*	<0.0001	0.01

NOTE: Participants with baseline GGT >600 units/L or with a history of malignancies prior to enrollment were excluded.

^*Estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, BMI, occupational status, smoking status, year of entry into the cohort, number of gynecologic examinations and baseline cytology (within ± 6 mo from baseline GGT measurement). Age was used as the underlying time-metric in all analyses.

^†For continuous covariates, quartiles of the empirical distribution were used as cutoff values.

^‡Limited to women with one or more gynecologic examinations during follow-up.