FIG. 2.

Example of cell biology student generated images and quantification of defects after nicotine and caffeine exposure. (A–E) Nicotine-exposed (1.6 mM) embryos showed epiboly delay, (A, C) control, (B, D) nicotine-exposed embryo. Blue and black lines showed the measurements for epiboly used in ImageJ analysis. Graph showed quantification of epiboly progression after nicotine treatment (E); *p < 0.01. (F, G) Phalloidin stained (F-actin staining) embryos showed delayed epiboly progression. Arrows, 1: actin disintegration; 2: delayed epiboly. (F′, G′) Phalloidin-stained embryos highlighted with white dotted line showed uneven epiboly progression in the nicotine-exposed embryo. (H) Graph showed quantification of epiboly progression after 1.4 mM caffeine treatment; *p < 0.01. (I) Graph shows percent epiboly versus frequency of control or 1 mM nicotine plus 1.2 mM caffeine-treated embryos. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/zeb