Table 6.
Hepatotoxic analysis of PM in vivo and in vitro.
| Techniques | Analytes | Species, administration and biological sample | Details | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPLC-DAD (290 nm) | TSG, EG, PG, emodin, physcion, chrysophanol | Mice, p.o., repeated 28 days (5, 10 and 20 g/kg/day of water and acetone extracts of PM and PMP, respectively), blood samples, histopathologic examination and biochemical analysis | Eluted with CH3CN: H2O (0 min: 10:90; 35 min: 40:60; 60 min: 100:0) on a hypersil C18 column | Wu et al., 2012 |
| HPLC-MS | TSG, emodin, EG | Rats, p.o., repeated 21 days (1 and 20 g/kg/day of 80% ethanol extractions of PM), blood samples and tissues, histopathologic examination and biochemical analysis | Eluted with CH3CN: H2O (containing 0.1% HCOOH) (0 min: 20:80; 3.5 min: 35:65; 4.5 min: 35:65; 6 min: 40:60; 7 min: 40:60; 8 min: 100:0; 11 min: 100:0) On an Agilent Extend-C18 column | Ma J. et al., 2015 |
| HPLC-MS | TSG, emodin | Rats, p.o. repeated 7 days (TSG, 117 mg/kg), on the 8th day, p.o. (emodin 82.4 mg/kg), blood samples | Eluted with CH3CN: H2O (containing 0.1% HCOOH) (0 min: 70:30; 2 min:70:30) On an Agilent Extend-C18 column | Ma et al., 2013 |
| HPLC-DAD (254 nm) | TSG, emodin, physcion | Human hepatocytes cell L-02, treated with serial concentrations of water, 50% and 95% ethanol extracts of PM and PMP (20~100 μg/mL, respectively), MTT assay | Eluted with CH3OH: H2O (containing 0.1% H3PO4) (0 min: 40:60; 5 min: 70:30; 10 min: 80:20; 15min: 85:15; 20min: 90:10; 25 min: 90:10) On a Zorbax SB-C18 analytical column. | Yu et al., 2011 |
| HPLC-DAD (210, 280, 320 nm) | 15 components | Human hepatocytes cell L-02, treated with serial concentrations of water and ethanol extracts of PM (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 mg/mL, respectively), MTT assay | Eluted with CH3CN: H2O (containing 0.1% HCOOH) (0 min: 6:94; 7 min: 6:94; 12 min: 6:94; 20 min: 8:92; 22 min: 12:88; 50 min: 25:75; 55 min: 0:100) on a Zorbax SB-AQ C18 column | Lv et al., 2015 |
| UPLC-Q-TOF-MS | Non-targeted | Human hepatocytes cell L-02, treated with serial concentrations of water and ethanol extracts of PM and PMP (7.81~1,000.0 μg/mL, respectively), MTT assay | Eluted with CH3CN: H2O (both of them containing 0.1% HCOOH) (0 min: 0:100; 3 min: 10:90; 10 min: 20:80; 20 min: 70:30; 21 min: 100:0; 21.1 min: 0:100; 25 min: 0:100) on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column | Lin et al., 2015e |
| HPLC-MS | emodin | Human hepatocytes cell L-02, treated with serial concentrations of emodin (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120 μM), Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay | Eluted with CH3CN: H2O (containing 0.2% HCOOH) (0 min: 45:55; 15 min: 30:70) On a C18 column | Li et al., 2012 |
| UPLC-MS | emodin | Human hepatocytes cell L-02, treated with serial concentrations of emodin (10~120 μM), MTT assay | Eluted with CH3CN: H2O (containing 0.1% HCOOH) (0 min: 5:95; 3 min: 50:50; 15 min: 100:0; 20 min: 100:0; 21 min: 5:95; 26 min: 5:95) On a Zorbax Eclipse plus C18 column | Liu et al., 2015 |