Table 1.
Clinical and polysomnography characteristics in PD patients with and without RBD
| Characteristics | PD without RBD (n = 82) | PD with RBD (n = 92) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female), n | 45/37 | 68/24 | 6.319* | 0.012 |
| Age (years) | 64.0 ± 9.3 | 65.1 ± 5.8 | −0.915† | 0.362 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.3 | 23.9 ± 2.7 | 0.514† | 0.608 |
| Duration (years) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | −1.378‡ | 0.168 |
| Education (years) | 8.8 ± 3.2 | 8.4 ± 3.5 | 0.966† | 0.336 |
| UPDRS III | 23.70 ± 11.54 | 24.33 ± 9.98 | −0.387† | 0.700 |
| H-Y | 2.0 (1.5–2.5) | 2.0 (1.5–2.5) | −0.810‡ | 0.418 |
| LED (mg/d) | 300.0 (75.0–450.0) | 300.0 (100.0–450.0) | −0.534‡ | 0.593 |
| MMSE | 27.01 ± 2.12 | 25.55 ± 2.13 | 4.532† | <0.001 |
| MoCA | 24.61 ± 2.36 | 22.30 ± 2.43 | 6.363† | <0.001 |
| Depression score | 7.50 (4.00–13.00) | 8.00 (4.00–15.00) | −0.314‡ | 0.753 |
| Anxiety score | 6.00 (2.00–10.00) | 7.00 (2.00–9.00) | −0.364‡ | 0.715 |
| ESS | 5.00 (3.00–7.00) | 7.00 (4.00–10.00) | −2.681‡ | 0.007 |
| PDQ | 15.50 (9.00–26.00) | 17.00 (9.00–34.00) | −1.161‡ | 0.246 |
| TST (min) | 341.28 ± 107.91 | 328.65 ± 104.60 | 0.988† | 0.324 |
| SE (%) | 63.01 ± 18.52 | 60.22 ± 17.81 | 1.268† | 0.206 |
| SL (min) | 14.00 (2.50–29.00) | 13.50 (2.50–38.00) | −0.248‡ | 0.804 |
| Awakenings (times) | 22.0 (17.0–31.0) | 22.0 (16.0–29.0) | −0.089‡ | 0.929 |
| NREMS1 (%) | 13.50 (8.80–18.60) | 17.20 (10.00–26.20) | −1.880‡ | 0.060 |
| NREMS2 (%) | 50.57 ± 17.50 | 46.35 ± 16.15 | 2.184† | 0.089 |
| SWS (%) | 16.10 (8.60–24.30) | 16.40 (8.60–26.30) | −0.372‡ | 0.710 |
| REMS (%) | 14.30 (6.30–22.10) | 14.60 (9.70–20.50) | −0.916‡ | 0.360 |
| AHI (/h) | 0.80 (0.00–6.10) | 1.40 (0.00–5.70) | −0.612‡ | 0.541 |
| ODI (/h) | 1.15 (0.00–5.55) | 1.80 (0.20–6.30) | −0.505‡ | 0.613 |
| Min SaO2 (%) | 88.94 ± 6.95 | 90.47 ± 3.35 | −1.283† | 0.201 |
| Min SaO2 in REM (%) | 90.38 ± 6.78 | 92.11 ± 2.76 | −0.307† | 0.023 |
| Min SaO2 in NREM (%) | 90.72 ± 4.73 | 90.74 ± 3.59 | 0.667† | 0.506 |
| Tonic EMG activity (%) | 1.98 (0.61–11.19) | 21.95 (16.52–35.90) | −4.924‡ | <0.001 |
| Phasic EMG activity (%) | 3.05 (0.50–8.33) | 19.42 (15.00–30.42) | −5.344‡ | <0.001 |
Values are n, mean ± SD, or median (IQR). These analyses were performed using *Chi-square test, †independent Student’s t-test, and ‡nonparametric tests. PD: Parkinson’s disease; RBD: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; LED: Levodopa-equivalent daily dose; BMI: Body mass index; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; H-Y: Hoehn and Yahr stage; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PDQ: Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; TST: Total sleep time; SE: Sleep efficiency; SL: Sleep latency; REMS: Rapid eye movement sleep; NREMS: Non-REMS; SWS: Slow wave sleep; AHI: Apnea-hypopnea index; ODI: Oxygen desaturation index; SaO2: Oxygen saturation; EMG: Electromyography; REM: Rapid eye movement; NREM: Non-REM; SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range.