Table 1.
Urine metabolites showing statistically significant differences between PCOS patients and controls (mmol/mol creatinine)
| Metabolite | PCOS group (n = 21) | Control group (n = 16) | Z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactose | 10.01 (0, 13.99) | 2.35 (0.16, 3.26) | −2.059 | 0.042 |
| Arabic candy | 0.04 (0, 8.45) | 0.01 (0, 0.81) | −2.029 | 0.017 |
| Stearic acid | 2.35 (1.47, 3.14) | 0.05 (0, 0.14) | −4.577 | <0.001 |
| Palmitic acid | 2.13 (1.07, 2.79) | 0 (0, 0) | −4.654 | <0.001 |
| D-gluconic acid | 141.69 (77.54, 343.61) | 60.96 (43.30, 127.73) | −3.626 | 0.049 |
| 3-hydroxypropionic acid | 562.25 (0, 1005.65) | 169.56 (0, 374.13) | −2.809 | 0.007 |
| Benzoylglycine | 239.99 (16.17, 897.75) | 10.41 (0, 32.61) | −4.407 | <0.001 |
| Ribosinic acid-5 | 2.45 (0.27, 3.77) | 0.72 (0.33, 1.21) | −2.040 | 0.042 |
| Arabinitol | 2.24 (0, 4.18) | 0 (0, 0) | −2.354 | 0.032 |
| Cis-aconitic acid-E | 7.11 (0.16, 9.96) | 1.17 (0.82, 2.10) | −2.594 | 0.016 |
| Fucose | 2.88 (0, 7.36) | 0.32 (0, 0.59) | −2.880 | 0.009 |
| Suberic acid | 10.76 (0, 27.32) | 1.24 (0, 2.15) | −2.110 | 0.002 |
| 3,4,5-hydroxyvaleric acid | 4.08 (0.01, 16.17) | 1.66 (0.76, 2.84) | −2.468 | 0.019 |
| 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid | 123.83 (80.20, 192.74) | 33.60 (19.75, 59.19) | −3.757 | <0.001 |
| α-ketoglutarate | 605.97 (53.51, 1030.29) | 61.59 (0, 136.38) | −3.314 | 0.001 |
| 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaric acid | 2.42 (0, 6.65) | 0.48 (0.08, 0.89) | −2.195 | 0.009 |
| 2-hydroxyglutaric acid | 5.07 (1.96, 8.37) | 0.52 (0.06, 1.20 ) | −3.255 | 0.001 |
| Threonic acid | 1.84 (1.31, 3.00) | 0.35 (0.24, 0.56) | −3.693 | <0.001 |
| Inosine | 4.87 (2.25, 7.77) | 0.25 (0.20, 0.48) | −3.807 | <0.001 |
| 2,3,4-hydroxybutyric acid | 9.25 (0.14, 13.83) | 1.96 (1.60, 4.25) | −2.687 | 0.005 |
| 5-Oxoproline | 15.39 (6.47, 61.65) | 3.26 (0.51, 6.36) | −3.170 | 0.0001 |
| Erythrocytes-2 | 8.34 (0,12.73) | 2.06 (0, 3.94) | −2.508 | 0.014 |
| Erythrocytes-1 | 3.09 (0,5.46) | 0.46 (0, 1.11) | −3.140 | 0.002 |
| 3,4-hydroxybutyric acid | 7.47 (6.35,13.56) | 0.46 (0, 1.50) | −3.914 | <0.001 |
| Threonine | 4.08 (1.08, 12.48) | 0.02 (0, 0.26) | −4.745 | <0.001 |
| Serine | 5.61 (0, 15.85) | 0 (0, 0) | −4.266 | <0.001 |
| Uracil | 1.70 (0, 23.00) | 0.62 (0, 0.93) | −2.546 | 0.026 |
| Glyceryl acid | 7.31 (4.82, 10.99) | 0.83 (0.50, 1.52) | −3.693 | <0.001 |
| Glycine | 9.10 (5.81, 25.42) | 1.23 (0.58, 2.47) | −3.693 | <0.001 |
| Phosphoethanolamine | 22.53 (15.76, 36.04) | 4.24 (2.41, 5.76) | −3.311 | 0.001 |
| 4-hydroxybutyric acid | 16.70 (10.82, 30.19) | 3.35 (0.40, 5.17) | −3.411 | <0.001 |
| Oxalic acid | 1.88 (0, 2.58) | 0.68 (0, 1.42) | −2.975 | 0.024 |
| Glycolic acid | 36.98 (26.98, 53.55) | 6.20 (3.07, 13.43) | −3.614 | <0.001 |
| 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid | 1.33 (0, 3. 54) | 0 (0,0) | −2.354 | 0.032 |
| Succinic acid | 0 (0, 0) | 38.94 (4.16, 51.30) | −4.553 | <0.001 |
PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome.