Fig 6.

GABA_A receptor specific pharmacological intervention of hyperactive behavioral effects for (A) picrotoxin as a model GABA_A receptor antagonist, and two efficacious flavonoids: (B) (S)-equol and (C) kaempferol. Locomotor activity was measured for 5 hours immediately following application of treatments. Concentrations tested for picrotoxin, (S)-equol, and kaempferol were previously demonstrated to elicit a robust hyperactive response, and were 100, 25, and 25 µM, respectively. Two GABA_A receptor specific positive allosteric modulators tested were alfaxalone (1 µM) and chlormethiazole (100 µM), and concentrations were previously determined as no effect levels. Data are reported as mean ± SD for normalized activity relative to the control (1% DMSO) within each time group. Significance determined using two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc, p ≤ 0.05, N = 32 animals per treatment group. Significance is indicated using compact letter designations, and bars not labelled with the same letter within each time-bin were significantly different. The first four time-bins are shown (2-hours post-exposure), though each study was conducted for 5 hours and are included in Supplementary Materials with summary statistics for all intervention studies.