Table 3.
Differences between patients with additionally increased hyperinflation during their exacerbation versus patients without additional hyperinflation
| Additional hyperinflation (IC change >100 mL)
|
No additional hyperinflation (IC change <100 mL)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Mean±SD | Number | Mean±SD | |
| Number of patients | 15 | 12 | ||
| Sex (number of males) | 8 | 6 | ||
| Admission time (days) | 4.87±1.68 | 5.00±1.91 | ||
| Age (years) | 65.87±5.79 | 62.92±9.48 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.11±3.58 | 22.82±5.06* | ||
| Pack-years | 55.42±39.23 | 49.00±41.18 | ||
| pH (kPa) | 7.42±0.05 | 7.44±0.03 | ||
| PaCO2 (kPa) | 5.43±0.85 | 5.35±0.63 | ||
| PaO2 (kPa) | 7.82±2.94 | 8.61±3.69 | ||
| Neutrophils admission (10e9/L) | 8.26±1.75 | 9.41±2.86 | ||
| Eosinophils admission (10e9/L) | 0.10±0.06 | 0.27±0.29* | ||
| Positive viral PCR | 8 | 5 | ||
| Positive bacterial culture | 4 | 7* | ||
| Lung function | ||||
| FEV1 in stable state (L) | 1.43±0.66 | 1.24±0.48 | ||
| Change in FEV1 (L) | 0.40±0.26 | 0.18±0.44 | ||
| IC during admission (L) | 2.10±0.72 | 2.12±0.53 | ||
| IC stable state (L) | 2.68±0.74 | 2.03±0.49* | ||
| Change in IC (L) | 0.58±0.28 | −0.09±0.18* | ||
| FRC plethysmograph admission | 4.63±1.56 | 4.70±1.55 | ||
| FRC plethysmograph stable | 4.23±1.29 | 4.64±1.32 | ||
| Change in FRC (L) | −0.47±0.50 | −0.22±0.41 | ||
| RV plethysmograph admission (L) | 3.65±1.39 | 3.43±1.11 | ||
| RV plethysmograph stable state (L) | 2.92±1.13 | 3.33±1.05 | ||
| Change in RV (L) | −0.80±0.72 | −0.17±0.37* | ||
| TLC plethysmograph stable state (L) | 6.70±1.62 | 6.83±1.40 | ||
| CO diffusion in stable state (mmol/min/kPA) | 4.39±1.18 | 3.72±1.60 | ||
| Dynamic hyperinflation admission (L) | −0.74±0.41 | −0.70±0.23 | ||
| Dynamic hyperinflation stable (L) | −0.86±0.53 | −0.80±0.32 | ||
| Symptoms | ||||
| CCQ (admission) | 3.4±0.7 | 4.0±0.9 | ||
| CCQ (stable state) | 1.6±1.0 | 2.3±1.2 | ||
| Change in CCQ | −1.8±1.3 | −1.6±0.8 | ||
| CAT (admission) | 22.4±7.3 | 28.1±6.9* | ||
| CAT (stable state) | 14.3±7.6 | 17.3±9.8 | ||
| Change in CAT | −7.5±7.8 | −10.7±8.2 | ||
| mMRC (admission) | 3.1±1.1 | 3.8±0.5 | ||
| mMRC (stable state) | 1.8±1.2 | 3.0±1.2** | ||
| Change in mMRC | −1.5±1.3 | −0.8±1.0 | ||
| Borg (admission) | 4.2±2.1 | 4.1±2.4 | ||
| Borg (stable state) | 1.2±1.2 | 2.1±2.2 | ||
| Change in Borg | −2.6±1.6 | −1.9±3.3 | ||
Notes:
*
p<0.05 in unpaired t-tests.
**
p<0.05 for nonparametric independent sample test. Data are presented as mean±standard deviation. Increased hyperinflation was defined as a difference in IC of at least 100 mL between exacerbation and stable state.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; FEV1, forced expiratory flow in one second; IC, inspiratory capacity; FRC, functional residual capacity; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; CCQ, Clinical COPD Questionnaire; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; mMRC, Modified Medical Research Council; Borg, borg dyspnea score.