Table 2.
Patient characteristics according to postoperative ultrasound
| Thrombosis | No thrombosis | Overall | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 265 | 198 | 463 | |
| Age | 73.72±12.18 | 71.72±15.65 | 72.86±13.79 | 0.137 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 177 | 111 | 288 | 0.018 |
| Male | 88 | 87 | 175 | |
| Unilateral or bilateral fracture | ||||
| Left low limb | 147 | 111 | 258 | 0.900 |
| Right low limb | 118 | 87 | 205 | |
| Types of fracture | ||||
| Intertrochanteric fracture | 128 | 90 | 218 | 0.805 |
| Subtrochanteric fracture | 9 | 8 | 17 | |
| Femoral neck fracture | 128 | 100 | 228 | |
| Medical morbidity | ||||
| Hypertension (%) | 91 | 63 | 154 | 0.569 |
| Diabetes (%) | 37 | 23 | 60 | 0.457 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 99 | 56 | 155 | 0.041 |
| Arrhythmia (%) | 32 | 28 | 60 | 0.513 |
| Stroke (%) | 20 | 22 | 42 | 0.186 |
| Venous thrombosis at admission (%) | 63 | 3 | 66 | 0.000 |
| Associated trauma (%) | 16 | 8 | 24 | 0.338 |
| BMI | 22.65±4.07 | 22.23±3.58 | 22.48±3.87 | 0.471 |
| Length of hospital | 9.69±7.09 | 9.47±4.12 | 9.60±6.00 | 0.696 |
| Days between fracture and hospitalization (days) | 2.02±4.66 | 1.44±3.14 | 1.77±4.08 | 0.115 |
| Days between fracture and operation (days) | 6.49±5.45 | 5.16±5.70 | 5.93±5.58 | 0.013 |
| ASA classification | ||||
| 1 | 11 | 17 | 28 | 0.047 |
| 2 | 182 | 113 | 295 | |
| 3 | 70 | 66 | 136 | |
| 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| Surgical procedures | ||||
| ORIF | 151 | 127 | 278 | 0.099 |
| Hemiarthroplasty | 93 | 63 | 156 | |
| THR | 21 | 7 | 28 | |
| EF | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Duration of operation (mins) | 98.37±47.67 | 92.42±48.81 | 95.82±48.20 | 0.191 |
| Transfusion (U) | 1.23±1.46 | 1.10±1.37 | 1.17±1.42 | 0.335 |
| Blood loss (mL) | 275.55±163.49 | 231.68±117.12 | 256.82±146.97 | 0.001 |
| Liquid transfusion (mL) | 1,641.70±489.86 | 1,626.53±459.22 | 1,635.24±476.60 | 0.736 |
| Drainage (mL) | 172.41±59.30 | 157.67±68.98 | 165.41±64.29 | 0.151 |
| Post-operative infection | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Serum markers | ||||
| D-dimer at admission (mg/L) | 15.39±16.34 | 15.15±19.01 | 15.29±17.54 | 0.885 |
| D-dimer preoperatively (mg/L) | 7.48±10.26 | 4.94±4.65 | 6.50±8.60 | 0.016 |
| D-dimer at postoperative 1 day (mg/L) | 10.88±10.00 | 6.38±5.80 | 8.96±8.74 | 0.000 |
| D-dimer at postoperative 5 day (mg/L) | 10.95±7.84 | 6.48±3.90 | 8.83±6.65 | 0.000 |
| CRP at admission (mg/L) | 20.25±31.83 | 19.17±30.97 | 19.75±31.39 | 0.771 |
| CRP at postoperative 5 day (mg/L) | 35.96±52.29 | 21.36±36.11 | 29.47±46.27 | 0.025 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; EF, external fixation; ORIF, open reduction internal fixation; THR, total hip replacement.