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. 2018 Apr 18;13:2377–2394. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S158536

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© 2018 Zhang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Scheme 1 — CS/O-HTCC nanoparticles as a potential mucosal vaccine adjuvant.

Notes: Cationic CS/O-HTCC nanoparticles carry Ova to penetrate the nasal mucosal layer and facilitate the activation and proliferation of APCs. Then, the activated APCs trigger the secretion of cytokines and present the processed antigens to lymphocytes, which induce the proliferation and differentiation of these cells to evoke a high level of Ova-specific antibodies. Upon intranasal administration, the CS/O-HTCC nanoparticles boost a high expression level of secretory IgA (sIgA) in both saliva and the vagina to induce mucosal immunoresponses.

Abbreviations: CS, curdlan sulfate; O-HTCC, O-(2-hydroxyl)propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride; Ova, ovalbumin; APCs, antigen-presenting cells; T_H2, T-helper 2.