. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychopathol. 2017 Dec;29(5):1823–1837. doi: 10.1017/S0954579417001420

Table 4.

Cross-trait, cross-twin, and cross-twin cross-trait phenotypic correlations of and between adolescent psychotic experiences and perceptions neighborhood disorder

Type of phenotypic correlation	Phenotypic correlations of and between adolescent psychotic experiences and neighborhood disorder
	MZ and DZ twins together^a
Cross-trait phenotypic correlations^b		Correlation	CI
Adolescent psychotic experiences - Perceptions of neighborhood disorder		0.27	0.21 - 0.33
	MZ		DZ
Cross-twin phenotypic correlations^c	Correlation	CI	Correlation	CI
Adolescent psychotic experiences	0.46	0.33 - 0.58	0.36	0.21 - 0.50
Perceptions of neighborhood disorder	0.48	0.41 - 0.55	0.39	0.30 - 0.48
	MZ		DZ
Cross-twin cross-trait phenotypic correlations^d	Correlation	CI	Correlation	CI
Adolescent psychotic experiences - Perceptions of neighborhood disorder	0.22	0.14 - 0.29	0.22	0.14 - 0.30

Note: CI = confidence interval; DZ = dizygotic (fraternal) twins; MZ = monozygotic (identical) twins.

All phenotypic correlation analyses in Table 4 were conducted on the subsample of twins who lived together with their co-twin at age 18 (N=1755; 85%)

The phenotypic correlation in the entire analysis sample between adolescent psychotic experiences and adolescents’ perceptions of neighborhood disorder in the immediate neighborhood.

The phenotypic correlation between twins for adolescent psychotic experiences and perceptions of neighborhood disorder, among MZ versus DZ twins. Cross-twin phenotypic correlations were also calculated for MZ and DZ males (MZm; DZm, respectively) and females (MZf; DZf, respectively) separately to check for potential sex differences (these cross-twin phenotypic correlations were calculated in STATA 14.2 without confidence intervals because of low numbers of female twin pairs concordant for 3 or more psychotic experiences when stratified by sex). Phenotypic correlations (all p’s<0.05) did not differ substantially by sex. For neighborhood disorder: MZm=0.47; DZm=0.43; MZf=0.48; DZf=0.35, for adolescent psychotic experiences: MZm=0.41; DZm=0.27; MZf=0.52; DZf=0.46. ^d The correlation of trait 1 in twin 1 with trait 2 in twin 2, among MZ versus DZ twins.