Table 2. Commonly prescribed chronic oral medications in older long-stay nursing home residents.
| Medication | ATC Code# | ATC System/major category | Women (Per cent receiving) | Men (Per cent receiving) |
Sex Effect (p) | Age Effect (p) | Odds ratio^ Age Women | Odds ratio^ Age Men |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaminophen | N02BE01 | Nervous/analgesic | 33.8 | 26.4 | 0.001 | 0.006 | ns | ns |
| Aspirin | B01AC06 | Blood/antithrombotic | 32.7 | 36.3 | 0.01 | 0.87 | ns | ns |
| Furosemide | C03CA01 | Cardiovascular/diuretic | 29.9 | 28.0 | ns | < .001 | 1.06* | 1.09* |
| Potassium | A12BA | Alimentary/mineral supplements | 24.2 | 18.7 | <0.001 | 0.03 | ns | ns |
| L-Thyroxine | H03AA01 | Hormonal/thyroid | 23.7 | 11.5 | <0.001 | < .001 | ns | 1.13* |
| Lisinopril | C09AA03 | Cardiovascular/renin-angiotensin system | 14.2 | 14.1 | ns | < .001 | 0.94* | 0.88** |
| Metoprolol | C07AB02 | Cardiovascular/beta blocking | 14.2 | 17.7 | <0.001 | < .001 | ns | 0.90* |
| Donepezil | N06DA02 | Nervous-dementia | 13.2 | 13.9 | ns | 0.71 | ns | ns |
| Citalopram | N06AB04 | Nervous/antidepressant | 13.1 | 12.7 | ns | < .001 | 0.91** | ns |
| Digoxin | C01AA05 | Cardiovascular/cardiac therapy | 11.3 | 10.9 | ns | < .001 | 1.14** | 1.13* |
| Mirtazepine | N06AX11 | Nervous/antidepressant | 10.9 | 8.7 | <0.01 | 0.001 | ns | ns |
| Amlopdipine | C08CA01 | Cardiovascular/calcium channel blocker | 10.3 | 8.9 | ns | 0.06 | ns | 0.88* |
| Warfarin | B01AA03 | Blood/antithrombotic | 9.7 | 11.3 | ns | 0.003 | 0.92* | ns |
| Clopidogrel | B01AC04 | Blood/antithrombotic | 9.7 | 10.8 | ns | 0.001 | 0.92* | ns |
| Sertraline | N06AB06 | Nervous/antidepressant | 9.6 | 9.7 | ns | 0.12 | ns | ns |
| Ranitidine | A02BA02 | Alimentary/acid-related disorders | 9.6 | 10.3 | ns | 0.64 | ns | ns |
| Pantoprazole | A02BC02 | Alimentary/acid-related disorders | 9.6 | 8.6 | ns | 0.02 | 0.93* | ns |
| Lansoprazole | A02BC03 | Alimentary/acid-related disorders | 8.9 | 10.3 | ns | < .001 | 0.89** | ns |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | C03AA03 | Cardiovascular-diuretic | 8.8 | 6.9 | <0.01 | 0.22 | ns | ns |
| Olanzapine | N05AH03 | Nervous/psycholeptic | 8.3 | 8.6 | ns | < .001 | 0.88** | ns |
| Quetapine | N05AH04 | Nervous/psycholeptic | 6.1 | 8.2 | <0.01 | < .001 | 0.91* | ns |
| Risperidone | N05AX08 | Nervous/psycholeptic | 7.9 | 8.1 | ns | 0.004 | 0.91* | ns |
| Celecoxib | MO1AH | Musculoskeletal/anti-inflammatory | 7.8 | 5.9 | <0.01 | 0.39 | ns | ns |
| Atenolol | C07FB03 | Cardiovascular/beta-blocking | 7.7 | 6.9 | ns | 0.89 | ns | ns |
| Omeprazole | A02BC01 | Alimentary/acid-related disorders | 7.3 | 7.3 | ns | 0.93 | ns | ns |
| Isosorbide | C01DA08 | Cardiovascular/cardiac therapy | 7.2 | 6.6 | ns | 0.39 | ns | ns |
| Lorazepam | N05CD06 | Nervous/psycholeptic | 6.9 | 5.7 | ns | < .001 | 0.87** | ns |
| Hydrocodone | N02AA08 | Nervous/analgesic | 6.9 | 5.3 | <0.01 | < .001 | 0.86** | ns |
| Atorvastatin | C10AA05 | Cardiovascular/lipid-lowering | 6.8 | 8.4 | ns | < .001 | 0.71** | 0.81** |
| Calcitonin | H05BA01 | Hormone/calcium homeostatis | 5.9 | 1.8 | <0.001 | < .001 | 1.08 | 1.32* |
| Gabapentin | N03AX12 | Nervous/anti-seizure | 5.7 | 5.7 | ns | < .001 | 0.80** | 0.91 |
| Diltiazem | C08DB01 | Cardiovascular/calcium channel blocker | 5.6 | 4.6 | ns | 0.29 | 0.94 | 1.01 |
| Paroxetine | N06AB05 | Nervous/antidepressant | 5.6 | 4.9 | ns | 0.82 | 0.99 | 0.96 |
| Carbidopa | N04BA02 | Nervous/antiparkinson | 5.1 | 8.4 | <0.001 | < .001 | 0.81** | 0.94 |
| L-Dopa | NO4BA01 | Nervous/antiparkinson | 4.5 | 6.9 | <0.001 | < .001 | 0.82** | 0.96 |
| Risedronate | M05BA07 | Musculoskeletal/bone | 4.8 | 1.0 | <0.001 | 0.23 | 0.98 | 0.95 |
| Trazodone | N06AX05 | Nervous/antidepressant | 4.5 | 4.8 | ns | 0.12 | 0.93 | 1.01 |
| Phenytoin | N03AB02 | Nervous/anti-seizure | 4.0 | 6.4 | <0.001 | < .001 | 0.76** | 0.76** |
| Memantine | N06DX01 | Nervous-dementia | 4.0 | 5.0 | ns | 0.04 | 0.93 | 1.01 |
| Divalproex | N03AG01 | Nervous/anti-seizure | 3.7 | 5.8 | <0.001 | < .001 | 0.73** | 0.83** |
| Glipizide | A10BB07 | Alimentary-diabetes | 3.6 | 5.4 | <0.001 | < .001 | 0.8** | 0.95 |
#ATC = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification system.
^ Odds ratio for age considered as a continuous variable.
* p-value ≤0.01.
** p-value ≤0.001