Figure 4.

Standardized 3-year vascular and nonvascular mortality rates in newly treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and general population hospital controls. Standardized to the age, sex, and comorbidity structure of an “average” 1970 to 2008 RRT population (see Supplementary Table S6 for characteristics). Excludes patients dying within 90 days. Year of entry is year of starting renal replacement therapy or year of relevant general population hospital controls admission. Rates plotted at midpoint of each year group. CI, confidence interval; HES, Hospital Episode Statistics.