Table 1.
Summary of Vaccine Formulations and Resultsγ
| Group | Vaccine | Immunoconjugate (μg/dose)a |
Alum (mg/dose)a |
Adjuvant (mg/dose)a |
Cryoprotectant (w/v or v/v)b |
Mice (/group) |
Antinociception Assayc | Midpoint Titersd |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Hot Plate (ED50) |
Tail Flick (ED50) |
(×103) | |||||||
| Al | vehicle | – | 1 | – | glycerol | 6 | 0.5 ± 0.1e | 0.4 ± 0.1e | n.d.f |
| A2 | H-CRM-RNA | 50 μg Her-CRM | – | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 6 ± 1 |
| A3 | H-CRM-Alum-RNA | 50 μg Her-CRM | 1 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 10.2 ± 1.7 | 12.2 ± 0.9 | 21 ± 5 |
| A4 | H-CRM-CALV-RNA | 50 μg Her-CRM | – | 2.5 mg CALV + 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 4 ± 2 |
| A5 | H-CRM-Alum-CpG | 50 μg Her-CRM | 1 | 50 μg CpG | glycerol | 4 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0.3 | 19 ± 3 |
| A6 | H-TT-Alum-CpG | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | glycerol | 4 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | 18 ± 10 |
| B1 | H-TT-Alum-RNA | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 7.9 ± 2.3 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 3 |
| B2 | H-TT-Alum-CpG+RNA | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG + 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 6.6 ± 0.4 | 55 ± 8 |
| B3 | H-TT-Alum-CpG+RNA-Lyo | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG + 50 μg dsRNA | 15% trehalose | 6 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 46 ± 4 |
| B4 | H(s)-TT-Alum-CpG | 50 μg Her(s)-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | glycerol | 4 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 44 ± 2 |
| B5 | (IP) H-TT-Alum-CpG | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | glycerol | 4 | 9.6 ± 1.5 | 13.4 ± 1.2 | 103 ± 30 |
| C1 | H-TT-Alum-RNA-CALV | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.2 | 2.5 mg CALV + 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 5 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 68 ± 9 |
| C2 | H-TT-RNA-CALV | 50 μg Her-TT | – | 2.5 mg CALV + 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 5 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 28 ± 4 |
| C3 | H-TT-CALV | 50 μg Her-TT | – | 2.5 mg CALV | glycerol | 5 | 1.0 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 15 ± 5 |
| D1 | KLH (vehicle) | 50 μg KLH | 1 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 0.9 ± 0.7e | 0.0 ± 0.0e | n.d.f |
| D2 | H-TT-Alum-RNA(L) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 10 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 36 ± 5 |
| D3 | H-TT-Alum-RNA(M) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 25 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 42 ± 13 |
| D4 | H-TT-Alum-RNA(H) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 38 ± 4 |
| D5 | KLH (vehicle) | 50 μg KLH | 0.2 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 0.0 ± 0.0e | 1.0 ± 0.6e | n.d.f |
| D6 | H-TT-Alum(L)-RNA | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.2 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 99 ± 17 |
| D7 | H-TT-Alum(M)-RNA | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.5 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 0.2 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 57 ± 11 |
| D8 | H-TT-Alum(H)-RNA | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg dsRNA | glycerol | 4 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 96 ± 29 |
| E1 | KLH (vehicle) | 50 μg KLH | 0.5 | 50 μg CpG | – | 4 | 0.0 ± 0.0e | 0.0 ± 0.0e | n.d.f |
| E2 | H-TT-Alum(L)-CpG | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.2 | 50 μg CpG | – | 4 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 71 ± 12 |
| E3 | H-TT-Alum(M)-CpG | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.5 | 50 μg CpG | – | 4 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 67 ± 12 |
| E4 | H-TT-Alum(H)-CpG | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | – | 4 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 94 ± 3 |
| F1 | H-TT-Alum-RNA (1 d) | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.2 | 50 μg dsRNA | 25% trehalose | 5 | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 6.0 ± 0.5 | 75 ± 13 |
| F2 | H-TT-Alum-RNA (30 d) | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.2 | 50 μg dsRNA | 25% trehalose | 5 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 49 ± 8 |
| F3 | H-TT-Alum-RNA-Lyo | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.2 | 50 μg dsRNA | 25% trehalose | 5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 81 ± 19 |
| F4 | H-TT-Alum-RNA-Lyo (30 d) | 50 μg Her-TT | 0.2 | 50 μg dsRNA | 25% trehalose | 5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 59 ± 7 |
| G1 | H-TT-Alum-CpG (1 d, 4°C) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | >5% trehalose | 5 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 93 ± 16 |
| G2 | H-TT-Alum-CpG (30 d, 4°C) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | >5% trehalose | 5 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 86 ± 21 |
| G3 | H-TT-Alum-CpG-Lyo | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | >5% trehalose | 5 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 37 ± 4 |
| G4 | H-TT-Alum-CpG-Lyo (30 d) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | >5% trehalose | 5 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 39 ± 6 |
| G5 | H-TT-Alum-CpG (0 d) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | 25% trehalose | 5 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 75 ± 26 |
| G6 | H-TT-Alum-CpG (30 d, RT) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | 25% trehalose | 5 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 1.0 | 81 ± 14 |
| G7 | H-TT-Alum-CpG-Lyo | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | 25% trehalose | 5 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 92 ± 22 |
| G8 | H-TT-Alum-CpG-Lyo (30 d) | 50 μg Her-TT | 1 | 50 μg CpG | 25% trehalose | 5 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 124 ± 12 |
Amount of each vaccine component is given as the concentration per dose per mouse, respectively.
Cryoprotectant amounts are given for trehalose as w/v percentages for the total vaccine volume. In vaccines where glycerol was employed, the immunoconjugates were diluted 50% (v/v) with glycerol before being stored at −80 °C. Therefore glycerol content in total vaccine volumes ranged from 12 to 25% (v/v).
Behavioral assay results are reported as the mean heroin ED50 (mg/kg) ± SEM for each vaccine.
Midpoint titers are reported as the mean antiheroin midpoint titers ± SEM for each vaccine.
Heroin ED50 (mg/kg) for vehicles did not exhibit antinociceptive protection. However, some controls are noted as zero due to the lack of convergence of the data through PRISM. An appropriate ED50 for these controls can be designated ≥1.0 mg/kg.
Not detected. Antiheroin antibody titers were not detected in control serum.
Red section indicates the adjuvant selection studies; the blue section indicates the adjuvant and alum dosing; the green section indicates the stability studies.