Table 4.

Clinical Comparison between Management of Standardized Patients with HE < Grade 2 vs HE Grade ≥2 between specialty trainees vs on-trainees.

	<Grade 2			≥2 Grade
	Trainees %	Non-trainees %	p value	Trainees %	Non-trainees %	p value
History
Stool Number	89	73	<0.001	95	86	<0.001
Medication History	90	86	0.31	96	99	0.14
Physical Examination
Neurological examination for focal deficits	26	29	0.27	78	86	0.07
Neurological examination for herniation	0	1	0.43	36	26	0.05
Investigations
MHE Testing	73	66	0.32	15	20	0.23
Brain Scan	3	4	0.67	49	45	0.48
Comprehensive metabolic panel	60	64	0.50	98	99	0.64
Complete blood count	53	58	0.52	99	99	0.83
Blood cultures	2	3	0.70	94	83	<0.001
Urinalysis	10	12	0.73	95	88	0.04
Blood ammonia	7	16	0.03	33	41	0.15
Urine drug screen	22	34	0.05	80	80	0.93
Blood alcohol level	19	29	0.08	72	76	0.41
INR	39	36	0.67	88	91	0.49
Hemoccult	0	12	<0.001	10	31	<0.001
Management (non-specific)
Hospital Admission	2	1	0.64	96	91	0.10
ICU Admission	1	0	1.00	35	29	0.22
Nasogastric intubation	0	0	1.00	25	23	0.75
Endotracheal intubation	0	0	1.00	23	15	0.10
Specific treatments
Lactulose	60	54	0.36	95	91	0.16
Rifaximin	10	20	0.59	68	30	<0.001
Antibiotics	0	0	1.00	17	21	0.32
IV Albumin	0	0	1.00	12	11	0.79
Nutritional management
Nutritional consultation	46	36	0.14	69	64	0.41
Low Protein diet	6	12	0.15	8	18	0.006

P value using Chi-Square or Fisher Exact Test as appropriate MHE: minimal hepatic encephalopathy, ICU: intensive care unit