Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of participants by gender [ ± SD, n(%)]
| Variables | Total (n = 16340) | Male (n = 7528) | Female (n = 8812) | t/χ2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year)* | 47.40 ± 13.26 | 46.76 ± 13.92 | 47.94 ± 12.65 | −5.71 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 24.12 ± 3.68 | 24.19 ± 3.68 | 24.05 ± 3.68 | 2.26 | 0.024 |
| WC (cm)* | 81.99 ± 10.54 | 84.28 ± 10.43 | 80.03 ± 10.24 | 26.10 | <0.001 |
| Distribution of TG* | 155.77 | <0.001 | |||
| Normal triglyceride | 9828(60.2) | 4206(55.9) | 5622(63.8) | ||
| Borderline high | 2442(14.9) | 1109(14.7) | 1333(15.1) | ||
| Hypertriglyceridaemia | 4070(24.9) | 2213(29.4) | 1857(21.1) | ||
| Residence | 3.43 | 0.064 | |||
| Rural | 8120(50.3) | 3682(48.9) | 4438(50.4) | ||
| Urban | 8220(49.7) | 3846(51.1) | 4374(49.6) | ||
| Occupations* | 476.89 | <0.001 | |||
| Others | 3799(23.2) | 1165(15.5) | 2634(29.9) | ||
| Mental labour | 3064(18.8) | 1506(20.0) | 1558(17.7) | ||
| Manual labour | 9477(58.0) | 4857(64.5) | 4620(52.4) | ||
| Educational level* | 191.44 | <0.001 | |||
| Compulsory | 9753(59.7) | 4061(53.9) | 5692(64.6) | ||
| High school | 4148(25.4) | 2190(29.1) | 1958(22.2) | ||
| Undergraduate | 2439(14.9) | 1277(17.0) | 1162(13.2) | ||
| Smoking* | 3207.61 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 11214(68.6) | 3492(46.4) | 7722(87.6) | ||
| Yes | 5126(31.4) | 4036(53.6) | 1090(12.4) | ||
| Drinking* | 4198.82 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 11243(68.8) | 3267(43.4) | 7976(90.5) | ||
| Yes | 5097(31.2) | 4261(56.6) | 836(9.5) | ||
| Hypertension* | 94.96 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 10568(64.7) | 4572(60.7) | 5996(68.0) | ||
| Yes | 5772(35.3) | 2956(39.3) | 2816(32.0) | ||
| Diabetes* | 5.26 | 0.022 | |||
| No | 14906(91.2) | 6826(90.7) | 8080(91.7) | ||
| Yes | 1434(8.8) | 702(9.3) | 732(8.3) | ||
| Vegetable* | 70.07 | <0.001 | |||
| Occasionally/rarely | 1686(10.3) | 939(12.5) | 747(8.5) | ||
| Often | 14654(89.7) | 6589(87.5) | 8065(91.5) | ||
| Fruit* | 282.80 | <0.001 | |||
| Occasionally/rarely | 7995(48.9) | 4219(56.0) | 3776(42.9) | ||
| Often | 8345(51.1) | 3309(44.0) | 5036(57.1) | ||
| Meat* | 531.75 | <0.001 | |||
| Occasionally/rarely | 10759(65.8) | 4260(56.6) | 6499(73.8) | ||
| Often | 5581(34.2) | 3268(43.4) | 2313(26.2) | ||
| Fish* | 118.06 | <0.001 | |||
| Occasionally/rarely | 14676(89.8) | 6552(87.0) | 8124(92.2) | ||
| Often | 1664(10.2) | 976(13.0) | 688(7.8) | ||
| Eggs/Bean/Bean products* | 38.30 | <0.001 | |||
| Occasionally/rarely | 6514(39.9) | 2808(37.3) | 3706(42.1) | ||
| Often | 9826(60.1) | 4720(62.7) | 5106(57.9) | ||
| Mike/Dairy products* | 10.91 | <0.001 | |||
| Occasionally/rarely | 13869(84.9) | 6465(85.9) | 7404(84.0) | ||
| Often | 2471(15.1) | 1063(14.1) | 1408(16.0) | ||
| Mode of transportation* | 241.70 | <0.001 | |||
| Walking/bicycling | 9005(55.1) | 3656(48.6) | 5349(60.7) | ||
| Driving/riding | 7335(44.9) | 3872(51.4) | 3463(39.3) |
: mean; SD: standard deviations; n: number.
*P < 0.05, “other” included unemployed and retired people
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; TG: triglyceride.