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. 2018 Apr 17;9:605. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00605

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Copyright © 2018 Rohde, Schusser, Hron, Farkašová, Plachý, Härtle, Hejnar, Elleder and Kaspers.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic relationship of avian tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α proteins with other members of the TNF superfamily. The maximum likelihood tree was generated from avian TNF-α proteins for which full-length sequences were obtained in this study, together with selected vertebrate TNF-α proteins and representatives of lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β) families. TNF-α proteins include the representatives presented in Figure 1, along with avian sequences from this study (turkey, Meleagris gallopavo; house finch, Haemorhous mexicanus; white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis; crow spp., Corvus spp.; great tit, Parus major) and fish sequences: red seabream (Pagrus major; AAP76392), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax; AAZ20770), common carp (Cyprinus carpio; CAC84641), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus; NP_001187101). LT-α sequences include human (NP_000586) and house mouse (NP_034865), LT-β include human (NP_002332) and house mouse (NP_032544). Bootstrap support values are shown for each node. The scale bar indicates the number of amino acid substitutions per site.