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. 2018 Apr 17;9:605. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00605

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Copyright © 2018 Rohde, Schusser, Hron, Farkašová, Plachý, Härtle, Hejnar, Elleder and Kaspers.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative expression of chicken TNF-α (chTNF-α) mRNA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated monocyte derived and splenic macrophages. Macrophages isolated either from blood monocytes (A) or spleen tissue (B) by plastic adherence were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for the indicated periods. Control macrophages remained unstimulated. Relative expression levels of chTNF-α were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Data represent three independent experiments, significant differences between controls and stimulated cells are indicated (*p ≤ 0.05; **p < 0.01; Student’s t-test).