Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 88 830 participants according to famine exposure in early life
| Nonexposed | Famine exposure |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fetal | Early childhood | ||
| No. of participants (%) | 38588 (43.4) | 18879 (21.3) | 31363 (35.3) |
| Birth date | |||
| From 1 Oct, year | 1962 | 1959 | 1956 |
| To 30 Sep, year | 1964 | 1961 | 1958 |
| Age at baseline, mean (SE), year | 42.47 (0.01) | 45.55 (0.01) | 48.45 (0.01) |
| Male, no. (%) | 14537 (37.7) | 7336 (38.9) | 12577 (40.1) |
| Rural area, no. (%) | 21935 (56.8) | 9572 (50.7) | 17230 (54.9) |
| Middle school and above, no. (%) | 29792 (77.5) | 13465 (69.5) | 17546 (56.6) |
| Married, no. (%) | 36885 (94.6) | 17827 (94.8) | 29658 (95.4) |
| Family history of diabetes, no. (%) | 3202 (8.4) | 1834 (9.1) | 2467 (8.1) |
| Postmenopausal women, no. (%) | 1034 (14.9) | 1370 (14.2) | 6574 (17.7) |
| Daily smoking, no. (%) | 9927 (25.7) | 5162 (27.6) | 8986 (28.4) |
| Weekly alcohol consumption, no. (%) | 6092 (15.0) | 3208 (17.0) | 5337 (18.1) |
| Physical activity, mean (SE), MET-h/day | 25.5 (0.1) | 25.3 (0.1) | 24.6 (0.1) |
| Average weekly consumption,a mean (SE), day | |||
| Fresh fruits | 2.63 (0.02) | 2.72 (0.02) | 2.78 (0.02) |
| Fresh vegetables | 6.81 (0.01) | 6.86 (0.01) | 6.91 (0.01) |
| Red meat | 3.64 (0.02) | 3.95 (0.02) | 4.23 (0.02) |
| White rice | 5.29 (0.01) | 5.26 (0.01) | 5.25 (0.01) |
| Wheat | 3.91 (0.02) | 3.79 (0.01) | 3.60 (0.02) |
| BMI, mean (SE), kg/m2 | 23.81 (0.03) | 23.90 (0.02) | 23.83 (0.03) |
| WHR, mean (SE) | 0.879 (0.001) | 0.873 (0.000) | 0.864 (0.001) |
The results are presented as adjusted means or percentages, with adjustment for age, sex, and study area, as appropriate.
SE, standard error.
aAverage weekly consumptions of fresh fruits, vegetables, red meat, white rice and wheat were calculated by assigning participants to the midpoint of their consumption category.