Table 2.

HRs (95% CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes according to famine exposure in early life among 88 830 participants

	Nonexposed	Famine exposure
		Fetal	Early childhood
Whole cohort
Cases	498	318	556
Case/PYs (1000)	1.78	2.34	2.45
Age-adjusted	1.00	1.20 (0.93–1.55)	0.91 (0.64–1.30)
Multivariable-adjusteda	1.00	1.19 (0.92–1.54)	0.90 (0.63–1.29)
Further adjusted for BMI and WHRb	1.00	1.21 (0.94–1.57)	0.95 (0.67–1.36)
Men
Cases	183	121	186
Case/PYs (1000)	1.74	2.31	2.06
Age-adjusted	1.00	1.25 (0.82–1.91)	0.77 (0.43–1.39)
Multivariable-adjusteda	1.00	1.26 (0.82–1.93)	0.81 (0.45–1.48)
Further adjusted for BMI and WHRb	1.00	1.27 (0.83–1.94)	0.83 (0.46–1.51)
Women
Cases	315	197	370
Case/PYs (1000)	1.80	2.36	2.72
Age-adjusted	1.00	1.16 (0.84–1.60)	0.96 (0.62–1.49)
Multivariable-adjusteda	1.00	1.14 (0.83–1.58)	0.93 (0.59–1.45)
Further adjusted for BMI and WHRb	1.00	1.15 (0.83–1.60)	0.98 (0.62–1.54)

PYs, person-years.

^aMultivariable model was adjusted for age (years), sex (for whole cohort only), education (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, college, or university or higher), marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married), smoking (never smoker, former smoker who quit for reasons other than illness, current smoker or former smoker who quit because of illness: 1–14, 15–24 o ≥25 cigarettes/day), alcohol consumption (non-weekly drinker, former weekly drinker, weekly drinker, daily drinker: <15, 15–29, 30–59 or ≥60 g/day), physical activity (MET-h/day), intakes of fruits, vegetables, red meat, white rice and wheat (day/week; calculated by assigning participants to the midpoint of their consumption category), family history of diabetes (yes or no), and menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal; for women only).

^bFurther adjusted for BMI (<18.5, 18.5–23.9, 24.0–27.9 or ≥28.0) and WHR (men: <0.90, 0.90–0.94 or ≥0.95; women: <0.85, 0.85–0.89 or ≥0.90).