Table 4.

Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for joint association of general and abdominal obesity with risk of incident type 2 diabetes according to famine exposure in early life among 88 830 participants

Abdominal obesitya	Overweight/ obesityb	Cases	Case/PYs (1000)	Nonexposed	Famine exposure		Pinteraction
					Fetal	Early childhood
Whole cohort
No	No	220	0.97	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.047
	Yes	131	1.87	2.17 (1.51–3.11)	1.80 (1.10–2.95)	2.04 (1.47–2.85)
Yes	No	211	1.69	1.91 (1.39–2.63)	2.19 (1.44–3.33)	1.64 (1.23–2.19)
	Yes	810	3.66	4.43 (3.45–5.68)	5.32 (3.81–7.43)	3.13 (2.48–3.94)
Men
No	No	81	0.90	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.923
	Yes	29	1.33	1.61 (0.80–3.25)	1.51 (0.59–3.89)	1.97 (1.01–3.85)
Yes	No	61	1.28	1.47 (0.85–2.56)	1.87 (0.93–3.77)	1.61 (0.95–2.74)
	Yes	319	3.61	3.89 (2.58–5.85)	5.69 (3.32–9.74)	4.52 (3.03–6.73)
Women
No	No	139	1.02	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.036
	Yes	102	2.12	2.47 (1.61–3.79)	1.92 (1.07–3.46)	2.01 (1.37–2.96)
Yes	No	150	1.95	2.22 (1.50–3.28)	2.45 (1.44–4.17)	1.69 (1.19–2.39)
	Yes	491	3.69	4.82 (3.50–6.64)	5.32 (3.45–8.22)	2.67 (2.00–3.57)

PYs, person-years.

Multivariable model was adjusted for age (years), sex (for whole cohort only), education (no formal school, primary school, middle school, high school, college, or university or higher), marital status (married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married), smoking (never smoker, former smoker who quit for reasons other than illness, current smoker or former smoker who quit because of illness: 1–14, 15–24 or ≥25 cigarettes/day), alcohol consumption (non-weekly drinker, former weekly drinker, weekly drinker, daily drinker: <15, 15–29, 30–59 or ≥60 g/day), physical activity (MET-h/day), intakes of fruits, vegetables, red meat, white rice and wheat (day/week; calculated by assigning participants to the midpoint of their consumption category), family history of diabetes (yes or no), and menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal or postmenopausal; for women only).

^aWHR: men ≥ 0.90, women ≥ 0.85.

^bBMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m².