Table 3.

Association between maternal total gestational weight gain and the risk of type 1 diabetes

Study	Mean (SD)	Person-years	Events	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	Test of heterogeneity (p-value)
MoBa	14.9 (5.8)	896 679	293	1.00 (0.98, 1.01)	1.00 (0.98, 1.02)
DNBC	14.9 (5.9)	722 194	206	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	1.00 (0.98, 1.03)
Combined	14.9	1 618 873	499	1.00 (0.98, 1.02)	1.00 (0.99, 1.02)	1.00

Adjusted for maternal age, parity, education, smoking status during pregnancy, diabetes (type 1 in MoBa and all types in DNBC), weight at the start of pregnancy and child gender. Multiple imputation of missing exposure and covariate information using chained equations. A total of 20 datasets were imputed. Including a second-degree term indicated no evidence of any nonlinear associations (p-value 0.36 in MoBa and 0.07 in DNBC).