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. 2018 Jan 22;35(5):1078–1091. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy009

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fig. 1. — The plant system, standard allotetraploid and parental karyotypes, propagation strategy, and variable karyotypic compositions of a cohort of 1,462 randomly sampled individuals at the 12th selfed generation (S12) propagated from a single S2 founder euploid individual of a synthetic allotetraploid wheat. (A) Spike morphology and FISH/GISH-based standard karyotypes of the S2 founder euploid individual of the artificially constructed allotetraploid wheat (genome AADD) and its diploid parental species, T. urartu (genome AA) and Ae. tauschii (genome DD). (B) Diagrammed strategy for transgenerational propagation of a random population containing a cohort of 1,536 plant individuals constituting the S12 population, which were descended from the single euploid founder plant (karyotype shown in A) of the S2 generation. (C) Karyotypic compositions of a cohort of 1,462 (successfully karyotyped among the 1,536 individuals, shown in B) individuals at the 12th selfed generation (S12) of the allotetraploid wheat, which could be categorized into six distinct karyotypic groups. Numerical values in parenthesis denote the numbers of distinct karyotypes identified in each karyotypic group.