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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2018 Jan 16;69:34–39. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.013

Table 6.

Comparison of mean bundle stiffness between pairs of muscles using the three methods.

Analysis type BR vs FCU
Mean difference Standard error of mean difference p-value Expected value of standard error Calculated expected value of standard error
Mean of means 22.07 14.73 0.15 √2(σB2/k + σ2/knh) 14.65
Grand mean 23.44 10.36 0.027 √2σB2/N + σ2/N 10.48
Random effects 23.32 14.65 0.13 √2σB2/k + σ2/N 14.65
Analysis type BR vs PT
Mean difference Standard error of mean difference p-value Expected value of standard error Calculated expected value of standard error
Mean of means 8.11 5.67 0.17 √2(σB2/k + σ2/knh) 5.49
Grand mean 6.87 4.60 0.14 √2σB2/N + σ2/N 4.62
Random effects 6.92 5.51 0.22 √2σB2/k + σ2/N 5.49