Table 3.

Eligible studies presenting predictors of UTI

Author	Study design	Number of included participants	Significant predictors	Significant protective factors	Non-significant factors	Quality assessment
Fluri F. 2012 [11]	Prospective cohort.	383	In all models: Procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, white blood cell count, Monocytes. Model 1,3,4: Copeptin.	–	In all models: Body temperature. Model 2: Copeptin.	Average risk of bias.
Minnerup J. 2010 [67]	Prospective cohort.	594	–	Lesion size < 1,5 cm.	Lesion size 1,5–5,0 cm or 1/3 of MCA. Lesion size > 5 cm or > 1/3 of MCA.	Average risk of bias.
Stott DJ. 2009 [29]	Prospective cohort.	412	Urinary catheter, post-stroke modified Rankin Scale, age by decade,	–	–	Average risk of bias.
Dromerick AW. 2003 [30]	Retrospective cohort.	101	Beta-blocker, post void residual \volume > 150 ml,	–	Age > 65, Motor syndrome, Male, Anti-depressant,	High risk of bias.
Brogan E. 2014 [32]	Retrospective cohort.	533	Incontinence on admission.	–	–	High risk of bias.
Chen CM. 2012 [28]	Retrospective cohort.	341	Mean rehabilitation ward stay, post void residual volume > 50 ml,	–	Mean acute ward stay, ischemic stroke.	High risk of bias.
Ersoz M. 2007 [68]	Prospective cohort.	110	–	–	Urinary catheter.	Average risk of bias.
Ingeman A. 2010 [37]	Retrospective cohort; registry.	11,757	Examination with CT/MRI.	Early mobilization.	Early admission to stroke unit, antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, assessment by physiotherapist, assessment by occupational therapist, assessment of nutritional risk, dysphagia screening,	High risk of bias.
Lee SY. 2016 [25]	Retrospective cohort; registry.	3002	Previous pressure ulcer.	–	–	High risk of bias.
Gargano JW. 2008 [47]	Retrospective cohort; registry.	2566	Female	–	–	High risk of bias.
Kwan J. 2004 [26]	Case-control	351	–	Integrated care pathway in acute stroke unit.	–	High risk of bias.