FIG 7.

Activation of T-cell responses by the COX-2 inhibitor or anti-PD-L1 MAb. (a to c) PBMCs from cattle experimentally infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 7 [a and b] or 6 [c]) were cultured with meloxicam in the presence of J-PPD. CD8⁺ cell proliferation (a) was assayed by flow cytometry. IFN-γ (b) and TNF-α (c) production was determined by ELISA in duplicate. (d and e) PBMCs from the infected cattle (n = 7) were cultured with anti-PD-L1 MAb in the presence of J-PPD. CD8⁺ cell proliferation (d) was assayed by flow cytometry. IFN-γ production (e) was determined by ELISA in duplicate. Statistical significance was determined by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Cont Ig, rat control IgG.