TABLE 1.
Characteristics associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis due to carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
| Characteristica (n = 215) | Survivor (n = 169) | Nonsurvivor (n = 46) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (yr [IQR]) | 58 (44–67) | 61 (52–70) | 0.060 |
| Age ≥65 yr (n [%]) | 59 (34.9) | 19 (41.3) | 0.424 |
| Yr of infection (n [%]) | 0.224 | ||
| 2012 | 59 (34.9) | 17 (37.0) | 0.797 |
| 2013 | 42 (24.9) | 7 (15.2) | 0.167 |
| 2014 | 28 (16.6) | 13 (28.3) | 0.073 |
| 2015 | 40 (23.7) | 9 (19.6) | 0.556 |
| ICU admission (n [%]) | 86 (50.9) | 31 (67.4) | 0.046 |
| Length of stay (median days [IQR])b | 3 (1–18) | 10 (1–29) | 0.034 |
| Hospital-acquired infection (n [%])c | 93 (55.0) | 33 (71.7) | 0.041 |
| Time to appropriate treatment (mean ± SD h)d | 16.3 ± 27.6 | 28.5 ± 77.5 | 0.302 |
| Antibiotic treatment (n [%])e,f | 0.089 | ||
| Aminoglycoside monotherapy | 24 (14.2) | 15 (32.6) | 0.004 |
| Colistin monotherapy | 13 (7.7) | 1 (2.2) | 0.311 |
| Cefepime monotherapy | 74 (43.8) | 14 (30.4) | 0.102 |
| Fluoroquinolone monotherapy | 10 (5.9) | 4 (8.7) | 0.505 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam monotherapy | 38 (22.5) | 8 (17.4) | 0.455 |
| Aztreonam monotherapy | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.2) | 0.383 |
| Ceftolozane/tazobactam monotherapy | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
| Combination therapy | 8 (4.7) | 3 (6.5) | 0.705 |
| Infection site (n [%]) | 0.081 | ||
| Intraabdominal | 9 (5.3) | 3 (6.5) | 0.754 |
| Respiratory tract | 74 (43.8) | 30 (65.2) | 0.010 |
| Bloodstream/endovascular | 17 (10.1) | 4 (8.7) | >0.999 |
| Urinary tract | 43 (25.4) | 3 (6.5) | 0.004 |
| Skin/soft tissue/osteomyelitis | 26 (15.4) | 6 (13.0) | 0.692 |
| Previous hospitalization (n [%])g | 151 (89.3) | 46 (100) | 0.015 |
| Invasive surgical procedure (n [%])h | 86 (50.9) | 23 (50.0) | 0.915 |
| Central venous catheter (n [%])h | 133 (78.7) | 32 (69.6) | 0.194 |
| Urinary catheter (n [%])h | 107 (63.3) | 32 (69.6) | 0.432 |
| Other invasive device (n [%])h | 37 (21.9) | 11 (23.9) | 0.771 |
| Mechanical ventilation (n [%]) | 105 (62.1) | 43 (93.5) | <0.001 |
| Previous antibiotic exposure (n [%])i | 131 (77.5) | 42 (91.3) | 0.036 |
| Carbapenemi | 81 (47.9) | 27 (58.7) | 0.195 |
| Vasopressor requirement (n [%]) | 70 (41.4) | 41 (89.1) | <0.001 |
| Immunosuppression (n [%]) | 56 (33.1) | 28 (60.9) | 0.001 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 14 (8.3) | 7 (15.2) | 0.160 |
| Stem cell transplantation | 18 (10.7) | 5 (10.9) | >0.999 |
| Acute kidney injury (n [%])j | 48 (28.4) | 13 (28.3) | 0.985 |
| SIRS criteria (median [IQR]) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.541 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (median [IQR]) | 6 (3–8) | 7 (5–11) | 0.007 |
| APACHE II score (median [IQR]) | 13 (10–17) | 15 (12–19) | 0.030 |
IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II.
Before index culture.
Hospitalized >48 h before index culture without previous evidence of infection.
Treatment with an agent to which the organism was phenotypically susceptible in vitro.
Monotherapy defined as receipt of <2 antibiotics to which the organism was susceptible in vitro as definitive therapy for ≥48 h.
Combination therapy defined as receipt of ≥2 antibiotics to which the organism was susceptible in vitro as definitive therapy for ≥48 h.
Within the preceding 6 months.
During the index hospitalization before index culture.
Within the preceding 3 months.
Determined by diagnosis code as recorded by a treating physician.