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. 2017 Aug 29;19(2):355–367. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnx157

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Placebo vs no treatment. A) The combined functional magnetic resonance images of BOLD activation after painful stimulation at the knee joint following treatment with placebo vs no treatment. B) Left: mean change from baseline (%) in pain intensity after pressure stimulation following placebo treatment and no treatment. P = 0.03 for comparison of pretreatment pain intensity after stimulation and post-treatment pain intensity after stimulation prescan for placebo treatment; P = 0.99 for comparison of pain intensity after stimulation at the beginning and end of the no-treatment period prescan. Right: reduction of BOLD response after painful stimulation at the knee joint following treatment with placebo and no treatment. P < 0.001, subgenual prefrontal cortex; P < 0.001, frontal cortex; P = 0.003, insula; P < 0.001, sensory cortex. A = anterior; BOLD = blood oxygen level–dependent; ER-APAP = extended-release paracetamol; FC = frontal cortex; IS = insula; L = left side; P = posterior; R = right side; SC = sensory cortex; SE = standard error of mean; SG = subgenual prefrontal cortex.