Table 2.
Clinical presentation, diagnostic parameters and outcomes of patients with microbiological aetiologies in cerebrospinal fluid
| Codified ID | Age/years | Sex | Patient category (IN/OUT) | HIV type (1/2) | HIV viral load/copies | Aetiology | mCD4/cells/μL | cART | WHO staging | GCS | CSF protein/g/L | CSF glucose/mmol/L | CSF WBC/mm3 | Initial therapy administered based on clinical diagnosis | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM077 | 39 | F | OUT | 1 | 1.01×10^6 | CMV | 61 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 0.77 | 2.7 | 1 | – | Unknown |
| CMO92 | 39 | F | IN | 1 | 1.07×10^6 | CMV | 1 | No | III | 15/15 | 1.77 | 2.3 | 1 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM086 | 37 | F | IN | 1 | 3.38×10^3 | Crypto | 1 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 1.03 | 1.9 | 27 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM085 | 44 | M | IN | 1 | ND | Crypto | 27 | No | III | 15/15 | 0.49 | 2.3 | 0 | IV fluconazole | Died |
| #CM014 | 31 | F | OUT | 1 | 1.94×10^3 | EBV | 132 | No | III | 15/15 | 0.94 | 4.3 | 16 | – | Unknown |
| CM018 | 38 | F | OUT | 1 | 3.78×10^4 | EBV | 106 | No | III | 15/15 | 0.31 | 3.5 | 2 | – | Unknown |
| CM032 | 35 | F | IN | 1&2 | 3.80×10^5 | EBV | 133 | No | IV | 15/15 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 22 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM035 | 48 | F | IN | 1 | 8.66×10^2 | EBV | ND | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 108 | IV ceftriaxone | Survived |
| CM037 | 44 | F | IN | 1 | 1.44×10^5 | EBV | 290 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 0.42 | 3.3 | 1 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM044 | 44 | F | IN | 1 | 2.59×10^3 | EBV | 169 | No | IV | 15/15 | 5.84 | 2.8 | 250 | oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM050 | 34 | F | IN | 1 | ND | EBV | 20 | No | IV | 14/15 | UN | 2.7 | 0 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM053 | 38 | F | OUT | ND | 7.49×10^2 | EBV | 118 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 0.055 | 2.9 | 17 | Oral fluconazole | Unknown |
| CM054 | 45 | F | IN | ND | 1.78×10^6 | EBV | 483 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.28 | 2.1 | 0 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM064 | 44 | F | OUT | 1 | 2.08×10^5 | EBV | 583 | No | IV | 15/15 | UN | UN | ND | – | Unknown |
| CM079 | 33 | F | IN | 1 | 1.03×10^5 | EBV | 108 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.59 | 3.3 | 0 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM089 | 57 | F | IN | 1 | 2,55×10^5 | EBV | 251 | No | IV | 15/15 | 7.43 | 5.9 | 32 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM095 | 65 | F | IN | 1 | 1.92×10^5 | EBV | 25 | No | III | 15/15 | 3.56 | 5.2 | 2 | IV ceftriaxone | Died |
| CM098 | 62 | F | IN | 1 | ND | EBV | ND | Yes | IV | 3/15 | 0.79 | 1 | 2 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM099 | 37 | F | IN | 1 | 5.89×10^5 | EBV | ND | No | IV | 15/15 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 240 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| #CM006 | 35 | M | IN | 1 | 1.61×10^5 | EBV | 175 | No | IV | 14/15 | 2.5 | 4 | 14 | – | Died |
| CM022 | 41 | M | IN | 1 | 3.84×10^4 | EBV | 403 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.61 | 2.9 | 31 | – | Survived |
| CM027 | 36 | M | IN | 1 | 3.55×10^6 | EBV | ND | No | IV | 14/15 | 0.49 | 4.2 | 0 | Septrin | Died |
| CM033 | 40 | M | IN | 1 | 1.06×10^5 | EBV | 156 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.24 | 4 | 23 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM046 | 34 | M | OUT | 1 | 4.30×10^4 | EBV | 80 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.21 | 2.7 | 5 | Oral fluconazole | Unknown |
| CM048 | 47 | M | IN | 1 | 8.23×10^4 | EBV | 430 | No | IV | 15/15 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 59 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM093 | 16 | M | IN | 1 | 1.16×10^6 | EBV | 118 | Yes | ND | 15/15 | 3.8 | ND | 3 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM104 | 37 | M | IN | 1 | ND | EBV | 73 | Yes | III | 15/15 | 4.65 | 2.5 | 10 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| #CM001 | 40 | F | OUT | 1 | 1.00×10^6 | Toxo | 51 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.52 | 4.1 | 56 | – | Unknown |
| #CM012 | 30 | F | IN | ND | 3.61×10^5 | Toxo | ND | No | IV | 15/15 | 3.12 | 2.1 | 0 | – | Survived |
| CM039 | 43 | F | IN | 1 | 8.87×10^4 | Toxo | 9 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.72 | 1.2 | 6 | Pyrimethamine | Survived |
| CM083 | 38 | F | IN | 1 | ND | Toxo | 38 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 0.98 | 2.9 | 1 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM097 | 38 | F | IN | 1 | 2.78×10^6 | Toxo | ND | No | IV | 10/15 | 0.63 | 1.8 | 21 | IV ceftriaxone | Died |
| CM020 | 50 | M | OUT | 1 | 4.25×10^4 | Toxo | 5 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.81 | 3.1 | 0 | – | Unknown |
| CM073 | 40 | M | IN | 1 | ND | Toxo | 16 | No | IV | 15/15 | 1.11 | 3.1 | 2 | IV fluconazole | Survived |
| #CM004 | 24 | F | IN | 1 | 7.90×10^5 | Toxo/EBV | 66 | No | IV | 15/15 | 9.86 | <1.1 | 3 | – | Died |
| CM047 | 43 | F | IN | 1 | 4.66×10^4 | Toxo/EBV | ND | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.52 | 2.7 | 21 | – | Survived |
| CM059 | 51 | F | IN | 1 | ND | Toxo/EBV | 27 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 20 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM060 | 27 | F | OUT | 1 | 2.23×10^5 | Toxo/EBV | 42 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.24 | 2.9 | 1 | – | Unknown |
| CM066 | 32 | F | IN | 1 | 1.73×10^5 | Toxo/EBV | 69 | No | IV | 14/15 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 8 | IV fluconazole | Survived |
| CM068 | 49 | F | IN | ND | 9.29×10^4 | Toxo/EBV | 21 | Yes | ND | 15/15 | 0.59 | 2.7 | 0 | IV ceftriaxone | Survived |
| #CM005 | 45 | M | IN | 1 | 9.40×10^4 | Toxo/EBV | ND | No | IV | 12/15 | 1 | 3.2 | 1 | – | Died |
| #CM007 | 47 | M | IN | 1 | 2.40×10^5 | Toxo/EBV | ND | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.69 | 3 | 1 | Sulphadiazine | Survived |
| CM029 | 42 | M | IN | 1 | 2.82×10^5 | Toxo/EBV | 6 | No | IV | 11/15 | 0.73 | 5 | 2 | Oral fluconazole | Survived |
| CM045 | 38 | M | OUT | 1 | 4.21×10^3 | Toxo/EBV | 175 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 1.12 | 3.3 | 6 | – | Unknown |
| CM051 | 26 | M | IN | 1 | 2.35×10^6 | Toxo/EBV | ND | No | IV | 12/15 | 0.14 | 3.7 | 0 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM075 | 29 | M | IN | 1 | 3.93×10^5 | Toxo/EBV | 73 | No | IV | 14/15 | 0.78 | 8.8 | 2 | – | Died |
| CM103 | 34 | F | IN | 1 | ND | Toxo/CMV | 247 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 2.19 | 2.7 | 10 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM021 | 54 | M | IN | 1 | 5.71×10^2 | EBV/CMV | 76 | No | IV | 15/15 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 28 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM088 | 42 | M | IN | ND | ND | EBV/Crypto | 3 | Yes | IV | 15/15 | 1.25 | 3.2 | 6 | Oral fluconazole | Died |
| CM076 | 42 | F | IN | 1 | 6.23×10^6 | CMV/Crypto | 65 | No | IV | 15/15 | 0.37 | 1.6 | 3 | IV ceftriaxone | Survived |
| CM011† | 42 | M | IN | 1 | 3.09×10^5 | Toxo/EBV/Crypto | ND | No | IV | 15/15 | IF | 3.4 | 5 | Anti-TB | Died |
IN/OUT, inpatient or outpatient; CMV, cytomegalovirus; Crypto, Cryptococcus, EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; WBC, white cell count
mCD4, most recent CD4 count before recruitment into study; cART, patient on antiretroviral therapy prior to enrolment; ^, exponential; ND, not done; IF, insufficient CSF; IV, intravenous.
†CSF GeneXpertTB assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed, but was negative.
–, Indicates no data.