Table 1.
The timing and type of antiretroviral and antileishmania regimens for patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV, Abdurafi Health Center, Ethiopia, 2008–2015 (n=213)
| Timing and type of regimens | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Antiretroviral treatment (ART) timing (n=213) | |
| ART before VL diagnosis | 89 (41.8) |
| ART initiated within 4 weeks | 46 (21.6) |
| ART initiated after 4 weeks | 78 (36.6) |
| Median time within and after 4 weeks (IQR) | 4.8 (3.5–8.1) |
| Starting antiretroviral combination regimens (n=213) | |
| Zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine | 19 (8.9) |
| Zidovudine-lamivudine-efavirenz | 1 (<1) |
| Stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine | 67 (31.5) |
| Stavudine-lamivudine-efavirenz | 6 (2.8) |
| Tenofovir-lamivudine-nevirapine | 2 (0.9) |
| Tenofovir-lamivudine-efavirenz | 118 (55.4) |
| Initial VL treatment regimena (n=213) | |
| Sodium stibogluconate | 6 (2.8) |
| Liposomal amphotericin B | 108 (50.7) |
| Liposomal amphotericin B with miltefosine | 98 (46.0) |
| Miltefosine | 1 (<1) |
| Second-line VL treatment regimenb (for slow responders); (n=30) | |
| Sodium stibogluconate | 11 (37) |
| Liposomal amphotericin B | 13 (43) |
| Liposomal amphotericin B with miltefosine | 3 (10) |
| Sodium stibogluconate with miltefosine | 3 (10) |
| Pentamidine secondary prophylaxis (PSP); (n=213) | |
| PSP Received within a year of VL | 20 (9.4) |
| PSP Received after over a year of VL | 17 (8.0) |
| Not received PSP | 176 (82.6) |
a Initial treatment means the first attempted treatment regardless of switch for failure or toxicity.
b Second-line regimens are the anti-leishmaniasis regimens used to extend the treatment of slow responding patients after initial VL regimen failed.