TABLE 3.
Rates of Language Impairment at 13 Years of Age for Children Born VP Compared With Term Controls
| Language Component | VP | Term | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CELF-4 | n = 179 | n = 61 | ||
| Verbal memory, n (%) | 24 (13) | 3 (5) | 2.9 (0.8 to 10.1) | .07 |
| Grammar, n (%) | 19 (11) | 2 (3) | 3.4 (0.8 to 15.4) | .09 |
| Semantics, receptive, n (%) | 23 (13) | 0 | N/Aa | .003 |
| Semantics, expressive, n (%) | 32 (18) | 2 (3) | 6.4 (1.5 to 27.9) | .005 |
| Semantics, total, n (%) | 24 (13) | 0 | N/Aa | .002 |
| Expressive vocabulary, n (%) | 23 (13) | 1 (2) | 8.1 (1.1 to 62.2) | .01 |
| Core language index, n (%) | 18 (10) | 2 (3) | 3.1 (0.7 to 14.2) | .10 |
| CCC-2 | n = 164b | n = 58b | ||
| Coherence | 24 (18) | 3 (5) | 4.6 (1.3 to 16.2) | .02 |
| Inappropriate initiation | 33 (24) | 6 (10) | 3.5 (1.3 to 9.5) | .03 |
| Stereotyped language | 18 (13) | 4 (7) | 2.1 (0.7 to 6.3) | .20 |
| Use of context | 45 (33) | 7 (12) | 4.6 (1.8 to 11.7) | .002 |
| Nonverbal communication | 23 (17) | 3 (5) | 3.9 (1.1 to 13.4) | .03 |
| PC, n (%) | 36 (28) | 8 (14) | 3.0 (1.2 to 7.2) | .04 |
| GCC, n (%) | 34 (25) | 6 (10) | 4.2 (1.5 to 11.6) | .02 |
Language impairment is defined as scoring below −1.25 SD of the CELF-4 test mean, less than or equal to the fifth percentile for CCC-2 subscales, ≤10th percentile (standard score = 45) for the GCC, and in the impaired range on ≥2 subscales of the PC. N/A, not applicable.
a
Odds ratio not calculated because of a value of 0 cases in 1 of the groups.
b
Group numbers differ across variables because of missing data.