Table 2.
Proportional distribution (%) of the baseline characteristics of subjects enrolled in the closed cohorts at 21 October 2001 in the nine cities of the Italian Network of Longitudinal Metropolitan Studies, by gender
| Turin | Venice | Bologna | Modena | Reggio Emilia | Florence | Leghorn | Prato | Rome | Overall | |||||||||||
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Total (N) | 393 451 | 437 064 | 124 653 | 139 462 | 166 405 | 193 389 | 81 904 | 89 458 | 65 302 | 71 001 | 138 978 | 159 696 | 63 156 | 68 239 | 76 727 | 81 287 | 997 652 | 1 118 831 | 2 108 228 | 2 358 427 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| 1–14 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 10.5 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 10.4 | 12.9 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 8.6 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 12.5 | 11.3 | 12.9 | 10.8 | 11.9 | 10.1 |
| 15–29 | 16.6 | 14.5 | 15.9 | 13.2 | 15.0 | 12.4 | 16.6 | 14.6 | 17.4 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 13.5 | 17.3 | 15.4 | 19.3 | 17.6 | 18.1 | 16.0 | 17.2 | 15.1 |
| 30–49 | 31.0 | 28.1 | 31.0 | 27.3 | 31.2 | 27.3 | 32.1 | 28.9 | 32.3 | 29.1 | 29.0 | 26.3 | 29.6 | 28.1 | 31.4 | 29.8 | 31.0 | 30.2 | 31.0 | 29.0 |
| 50–64 | 21.2 | 21.5 | 22.1 | 22.1 | 20.8 | 21.0 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 18.8 | 18.4 | 21.7 | 22.0 | 21.7 | 21.5 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 20.2 | 20.9 | 20.6 | 21.0 |
| 65+ | 19.6 | 26.0 | 19.7 | 28.0 | 22.6 | 30.7 | 18.3 | 25.1 | 17.4 | 24.2 | 21.2 | 28.2 | 18.2 | 23.6 | 15.4 | 20.0 | 16.9 | 21.3 | 18.4 | 24.0 |
| Missing value | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Educational level* (≥30 years old) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| University (ISCED 4–6) | 14.2 | 11.3 | 13.5 | 9.9 | 20.3 | 16.5 | 14.8 | 12.5 | 11.9 | 10.6 | 18.4 | 15.4 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 19.5 | 15.8 | 17.0 | 13.8 |
| Upper secondary school (ISCED 3A–3B) | 24.3 | 18.1 | 23.9 | 17.4 | 24.7 | 19.9 | 25.0 | 20.3 | 24.9 | 20.5 | 25.1 | 20.9 | 25.2 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 16.3 | 30.7 | 25.6 | 27.2 | 22.0 |
| Lower secondary and vocational school (ISCED 2, 3C) | 37.0 | 35.6 | 35.4 | 31.0 | 29.7 | 26.8 | 30.4 | 26.5 | 34.3 | 28.7 | 30.9 | 26.4 | 35.6 | 29.5 | 34.8 | 29.2 | 30.6 | 30.3 | 32.5 | 30.4 |
| Primary school (ISCED 1) | 21.0 | 28.2 | 24.7 | 35.5 | 22.8 | 30.4 | 26.7 | 34.2 | 26.1 | 33.9 | 23.7 | 32.0 | 24.8 | 32.7 | 33.6 | 38.8 | 17.0 | 22.9 | 20.7 | 27.5 |
| No education (ISCED 0) | 3.5 | 6.8 | 2.5 | 6.2 | 2.5 | 6.4 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 2.8 | 6.3 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 3.2 | 7.8 | 4.8 | 9.2 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 2.6 | 6.3 |
| Missing value | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total (n) |
100 (282 454) |
100 (330 342) |
100 (90 798) |
100 (107 923) |
100 (124 195) |
100 (152 737) |
100 (57 713) |
100 (66 344) |
100 (44 740) |
100 (50 935) |
100 (102 009) |
100 (124 306) |
100 (44 818) |
100 (50 845) |
100 (52 214) |
100 (57 735) |
100 (679 096) |
100 (809 881) |
100 (1 478 038) |
100 (1 754 997) |
| Occupational condition (30–64 years old) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Employed | 75.2 | 52.9 | 74.3 | 47.1 | 77.3 | 61.6 | 78.4 | 62.7 | 81.1 | 60.7 | 77.5 | 57.9 | 74.4 | 44.3 | 82.1 | 53.7 | 76.5 | 50.9 | 76.5 | 53.0 |
| Unemployed/looking for first occupation | 6.0 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 8.2 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.8 |
| Housewife | 0.1 | 25.8 | 0.1 | 38.0 | 0.0 | 15.3 | 0.3 | 16.1 | 0.0 | 20.8 | 0.0 | 21.3 | 0.1 | 38.7 | 0.1 | 29.6 | 0.1 | 32.2 | 0.7 | 28.5 |
| Student | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 14.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
| Retired | 15.5 | 12.6 | 18.8 | 9.3 | 16.2 | 17.4 | 1.9 | 15.8 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 15.2 | 13.6 | 16.7 | 7.4 | 11.6 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 7.6 | 12.6 | 10.3 |
| Other conditions | 2.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.8 |
| Missing value | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total (n) |
100 (205 511) |
100 (216 780) |
100 (66 223) |
100 (68 930) |
100 (86 591) |
100 (93 392) |
100 (42 735) |
100 (43 894) |
100 (33 392) |
100 (33 766) |
100 (70 671) |
100 (76 955) |
100 (32 586) |
100 (33 903) |
100 (39 540) |
100 (40 569) |
100 (510 104) |
100 (571 541) |
100 (1 089 453) |
100 (1 179 730) |
| Occupational class (30–64 years old) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bourgeoisie | 27.3 | 21.3 | 28.4 | 22.7 | 34.5 | 27.2 | 30.3 | 22.9 | 26.5 | 20.2 | 35.7 | 28.1 | 28.2 | 20.9 | 25.1 | 17.1 | NA | NA | 29.6 | 23.1 |
| Middle class | 17.4 | 36.4 | 18.7 | 36.3 | 17.6 | 36.8 | 17.3 | 36.0 | 15.9 | 36.0 | 16.9 | 36.2 | 17.1 | 37.6 | 11.5 | 28.2 | NA | NA | 17.0 | 35.9 |
| Self-employed with employees | 2.6 | 1.3 | 19.7 | 13.2 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 1.8 | 5.7 | 3.2 | NA | NA | 5.3 | 2.8 |
| Self-employed without employees | 16.8 | 12.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.0 | 11.0 | 16.0 | 10.5 | 21.5 | 12.5 | 19.0 | 10.9 | 18.0 | 15.9 | 22.0 | 15.9 | NA | NA | 17.9 | 11.7 |
| Skilled working class | 18.3 | 7.2 | 15.4 | 8.4 | 13.1 | 7.4 | 17.3 | 8.6 | 17.3 | 9.9 | 12.1 | 7.8 | 16.5 | 6.5 | 17.8 | 14.2 | NA | NA | 16.4 | 9.2 |
| Unskilled working class | 17.6 | 21.7 | 17.8 | 19.4 | 12.3 | 16.0 | 14.6 | 20.0 | 14.2 | 19.5 | 12.7 | 15.5 | 17.2 | 17.3 | 17.9 | 21.4 | NA | NA | 13.8 | 17.3 |
| Missing value | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | NA | NA | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total (n) |
100 (154 635) |
100 (114 738) |
100 (49 283) |
100 (32 606) |
100 (66 930) |
100 (57 501) |
100 (34 067) |
100 (27 510) |
100 (27 079) |
100 (20 485) |
100 (54 752) |
100 (44 587) |
100 (24 257) |
100 (15 025) |
100 (32 465) |
100 (21 789) |
NA | NA | 100 (443 468) |
100 (334 241) |
| Civil status (≥ 30 years old) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Unmarried | 19.0 | 14.0 | 19.3 | 14.6 | 22.3 | 17.7 | 18.2 | 13.3 | 18.7 | 13.2 | 19.2 | 16.0 | 13.4 | 9.9 | 14.5 | 10.4 | 17.1 | 14.6 | 18.1 | 14.5 |
| Married | 70.1 | 58.1 | 70.8 | 57.9 | 66.1 | 52.8 | 71.6 | 59.6 | 71.9 | 60.2 | 70.5 | 56.0 | 76.5 | 62.9 | 77.5 | 66.4 | 73.4 | 59.7 | 71.9 | 58.7 |
| Widowed | 3.9 | 19.4 | 4.4 | 21.5 | 5.0 | 21.7 | 4.3 | 20.0 | 4.0 | 19.9 | 4.6 | 20.8 | 4.4 | 20.3 | 3.6 | 17.7 | 3.7 | 17.3 | 4.0 | 18.9 |
| Separated | 4.3 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Divorced | 2.7 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 |
| Missing value | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total (n) |
100 (282 454) |
100 (330 342) |
100 (90 798) |
100 (107 923) |
100 (124 195) |
100 (152 737) |
100 (57 713) |
100 (66 344) |
100 (44 740) |
100 (50 935) |
100 (102 009) |
100 (124 306) |
100 (44 818) |
100 (50 845) |
100 (52 214) |
100 (57 735) |
100 (679 096) |
100 (809 881) |
100 (1 478 038) |
100 (1 751 048) |
| Housing characteristics†‡ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Well-off | 12.4 | 12.2 | NA | NA | 16.1 | 15.6 | 27.1 | 26.3 | 28.1 | 27.3 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 24.3 | 24.5 | NA | NA | 16.6 | 16.2 |
| Large houses | 23.7 | 23.2 | NA | NA | 31.3 | 30.3 | 38.8 | 38.7 | 39.7 | 39.7 | 40.9 | 40.1 | 37.5 | 36.9 | 43.9 | 43.6 | NA | NA | 32.0 | 31.5 |
| Middle-small properties | 36.9 | 37.7 | NA | NA | 31.0 | 31.9 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 15.9 | 17.1 | 26.9 | 27.2 | 28.1 | 28.2 | 20.2 | 20.4 | NA | NA | 29.6 | 30.3 |
| Small houses | 24.5 | 24.7 | NA | NA | 20.0 | 20.6 | 16.7 | 16.4 | 13.6 | 13.3 | 13.6 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 8.0 | 8.1 | NA | NA | 19.0 | 19.3 |
| Uncomfortable | 2.4 | 2.1 | NA | NA | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 3.6 | 3.4 | NA | NA | 2.7 | 2.6 |
| Missing value | 0.1 | 0.1 | NA | NA | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | NA | NA | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Total (n) |
100 (392 145) |
100 (435 686) |
NA | NA | 100 (164 515) |
100 (191 196) |
100 (81 405) |
100 (88 574) |
100 (64 839) |
100 (70 301) |
100 (131 485) |
100 (152 245) |
100 (59 125) |
100 (64 478) |
100 (71 535) |
100 (76 258) |
NA | NA | 100 (965 049) |
100 (1 078 739) |
| Household overcrowding† | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Not overcrowded | 68.6 | 72.1 | NA | NA | 81.0 | 83.2 | 86.1 | 88.0 | 87.3 | 89.1 | 85.3 | 86.9 | 80.2 | 81.4 | 87.8 | 88.7 | NA | NA | 67.3 | 80.3 |
| Overcrowded | 31.4 | 27.9 | NA | NA | 18.8 | 16.7 | 13.8 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 10.9 | 14.7 | 13.1 | 19.8 | 18.6 | 12.2 | 11.3 | NA | NA | 32.7 | 19.7 |
| Missing value | 0.0 | 0.0 | NA | NA | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | NA | NA | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total (n) |
100 (392 145) |
100 (435 686) |
NA | NA | 100 (164 515) |
100 (191 196) |
100 (81 405) |
100 (88 574) |
100 (64 839) |
100 (70 301) |
100 (131 485) |
100 (152 245) |
100 (59 125) |
100 (64 478) |
100 (71 535) |
100 (76 258) |
NA | NA | 100 (965 049) |
100 (1 078 739) |
| Citizenship | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Italian | 96.2 | 96.5 | 98.2 | 98.4 | 96.3 | 96.5 | 94.7 | 94.6 | 95.1 | 95.7 | 98.3 | 98.2 | 98.9 | 98.7 | 95.5 | 95.9 | 97.7 | 97.2 | 97.1 | 97.0 |
| Highly developed countries | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| High migratory pressure countries | 3.6 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Missing value | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
*Education is the highest attained level of education. For each educational level the correspondence with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is provided.
†Variable available only for non-institutionalised individuals.
‡Composite variable that combines housing ownership, home dimension, availability of toilets inside the house and availability of heating system.
NA, not available; in the Venetian data it is not possible to distinguish between self-employed with or without employees.