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. 2018 Apr 20;8(4):e020572. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020572

Table 2.

Proportional distribution (%) of the baseline characteristics of subjects enrolled in the closed cohorts at 21 October 2001 in the nine cities of the Italian Network of Longitudinal Metropolitan Studies, by gender

Turin Venice Bologna Modena Reggio Emilia Florence Leghorn Prato Rome Overall
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Total (N) 393 451 437 064 124 653 139 462 166 405 193 389 81 904 89 458 65 302 71 001 138 978 159 696 63 156 68 239 76 727 81 287 997 652 1 118 831 2 108 228 2 358 427
Age group (years)
 0 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8
 1–14 11.2 9.5 10.5 8.7 9.6 7.9 11.9 10.4 12.9 11.5 10.3 8.6 11.6 10.1 12.5 11.3 12.9 10.8 11.9 10.1
 15–29 16.6 14.5 15.9 13.2 15.0 12.4 16.6 14.6 17.4 15.8 16.1 13.5 17.3 15.4 19.3 17.6 18.1 16.0 17.2 15.1
 30–49 31.0 28.1 31.0 27.3 31.2 27.3 32.1 28.9 32.3 29.1 29.0 26.3 29.6 28.1 31.4 29.8 31.0 30.2 31.0 29.0
 50–64 21.2 21.5 22.1 22.1 20.8 21.0 20.1 20.1 18.8 18.4 21.7 22.0 21.7 21.5 19.5 19.6 20.2 20.9 20.6 21.0
 65+ 19.6 26.0 19.7 28.0 22.6 30.7 18.3 25.1 17.4 24.2 21.2 28.2 18.2 23.6 15.4 20.0 16.9 21.3 18.4 24.0
 Missing value 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Educational level* (≥30 years old)
 University (ISCED 4–6) 14.2 11.3 13.5 9.9 20.3 16.5 14.8 12.5 11.9 10.6 18.4 15.4 11.2 9.5 6.8 6.5 19.5 15.8 17.0 13.8
 Upper secondary school (ISCED 3A–3B) 24.3 18.1 23.9 17.4 24.7 19.9 25.0 20.3 24.9 20.5 25.1 20.9 25.2 20.5 20.0 16.3 30.7 25.6 27.2 22.0
 Lower secondary and vocational school (ISCED 2, 3C) 37.0 35.6 35.4 31.0 29.7 26.8 30.4 26.5 34.3 28.7 30.9 26.4 35.6 29.5 34.8 29.2 30.6 30.3 32.5 30.4
 Primary school (ISCED 1) 21.0 28.2 24.7 35.5 22.8 30.4 26.7 34.2 26.1 33.9 23.7 32.0 24.8 32.7 33.6 38.8 17.0 22.9 20.7 27.5
 No education (ISCED 0) 3.5 6.8 2.5 6.2 2.5 6.4 3.1 6.5 2.8 6.3 1.9 5.3 3.2 7.8 4.8 9.2 2.2 5.4 2.6 6.3
 Missing value 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 Total
  (n)
100
(282 454)
100
(330 342)
100
(90 798)
100
(107 923)
100
(124 195)
100
(152 737)
100
(57 713)
100
(66 344)
100
(44 740)
100
(50 935)
100
(102 009)
100
(124 306)
100
(44 818)
100
(50 845)
100
(52 214)
100
(57 735)
100
(679 096)
100
(809 881)
100
(1 478 038)
100
(1 754 997)
Occupational condition (30–64 years old)
 Employed 75.2 52.9 74.3 47.1 77.3 61.6 78.4 62.7 81.1 60.7 77.5 57.9 74.4 44.3 82.1 53.7 76.5 50.9 76.5 53.0
 Unemployed/looking for first occupation 6.0 6.5 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.6 2.5 3.3 4.0 4.5 5.1 7.3 3.5 5.4 8.2 6.6 6.2 5.8
 Housewife 0.1 25.8 0.1 38.0 0.0 15.3 0.3 16.1 0.0 20.8 0.0 21.3 0.1 38.7 0.1 29.6 0.1 32.2 0.7 28.5
 Student 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 14.8 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.6
 Retired 15.5 12.6 18.8 9.3 16.2 17.4 1.9 15.8 13.9 13.2 15.2 13.6 16.7 7.4 11.6 9.2 11.0 7.6 12.6 10.3
 Other conditions 2.7 1.7 2.0 1.3 2.3 1.6 1.7 1.4 2.3 1.7 2.6 2.0 3.3 1.8 2.4 1.7 3.6 2.0 3.0 1.8
 Missing value 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 Total
  (n)
100
(205 511)
100
(216 780)
100
(66 223)
100
(68 930)
100
(86 591)
100
(93 392)
100
(42 735)
100
(43 894)
100
(33 392)
100
(33 766)
100
(70 671)
100
(76 955)
100
(32 586)
100
(33 903)
100
(39 540)
100
(40 569)
100
(510 104)
100
(571 541)
100
(1 089 453)
100
(1 179 730)
Occupational class (30–64  years old)
 Bourgeoisie 27.3 21.3 28.4 22.7 34.5 27.2 30.3 22.9 26.5 20.2 35.7 28.1 28.2 20.9 25.1 17.1 NA NA 29.6 23.1
 Middle class 17.4 36.4 18.7 36.3 17.6 36.8 17.3 36.0 15.9 36.0 16.9 36.2 17.1 37.6 11.5 28.2 NA NA 17.0 35.9
 Self-employed with employees 2.6 1.3 19.7 13.2 3.5 1.6 4.5 2.0 4.6 1.9 3.6 1.5 3.0 1.8 5.7 3.2 NA NA 5.3 2.8
 Self-employed without employees 16.8 12.1 0.0 0.0 19.0 11.0 16.0 10.5 21.5 12.5 19.0 10.9 18.0 15.9 22.0 15.9 NA NA 17.9 11.7
 Skilled working class 18.3 7.2 15.4 8.4 13.1 7.4 17.3 8.6 17.3 9.9 12.1 7.8 16.5 6.5 17.8 14.2 NA NA 16.4 9.2
 Unskilled working class 17.6 21.7 17.8 19.4 12.3 16.0 14.6 20.0 14.2 19.5 12.7 15.5 17.2 17.3 17.9 21.4 NA NA 13.8 17.3
 Missing value 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NA NA 0.0 0.0
 Total
  (n)
100
(154 635)
100
(114 738)
100
(49 283)
100
(32 606)
100
(66 930)
100
(57 501)
100
(34 067)
100
(27 510)
100
(27 079)
100
(20 485)
100
(54 752)
100
(44 587)
100
(24 257)
100
(15 025)
100
(32 465)
100
(21 789)
NA NA 100
(443 468)
100
(334 241)
Civil status (≥ 30  years old)
 Unmarried 19.0 14.0 19.3 14.6 22.3 17.7 18.2 13.3 18.7 13.2 19.2 16.0 13.4 9.9 14.5 10.4 17.1 14.6 18.1 14.5
 Married 70.1 58.1 70.8 57.9 66.1 52.8 71.6 59.6 71.9 60.2 70.5 56.0 76.5 62.9 77.5 66.4 73.4 59.7 71.9 58.7
 Widowed 3.9 19.4 4.4 21.5 5.0 21.7 4.3 20.0 4.0 19.9 4.6 20.8 4.4 20.3 3.6 17.7 3.7 17.3 4.0 18.9
 Separated 4.3 4.6 3.4 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 2.8 3.0 3.7 4.8 3.7 4.3
 Divorced 2.7 3.9 2.1 2.8 2.8 4.1 2.5 3.5 2.2 3.3 2.4 3.7 1.9 2.9 1.6 2.5 2.1 3.6 2.3 3.6
 Missing value 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 Total
  (n)
100
(282 454)
100
(330 342)
100
(90 798)
100
(107 923)
100
(124 195)
100
(152 737)
100
(57 713)
100
(66 344)
100
(44 740)
100
(50 935)
100
(102 009)
100
(124 306)
100
(44 818)
100
(50 845)
100
(52 214)
100
(57 735)
100
(679 096)
100
(809 881)
100
(1 478 038)
100
(1 751 048)
Housing characteristics†‡
 Well-off 12.4 12.2 NA NA 16.1 15.6 27.1 26.3 28.1 27.3 15.3 15.2 11.5 11.5 24.3 24.5 NA NA 16.6 16.2
 Large houses 23.7 23.2 NA NA 31.3 30.3 38.8 38.7 39.7 39.7 40.9 40.1 37.5 36.9 43.9 43.6 NA NA 32.0 31.5
 Middle-small properties 36.9 37.7 NA NA 31.0 31.9 15.6 16.9 15.9 17.1 26.9 27.2 28.1 28.2 20.2 20.4 NA NA 29.6 30.3
 Small houses 24.5 24.7 NA NA 20.0 20.6 16.7 16.4 13.6 13.3 13.6 14.1 14.1 14.3 8.0 8.1 NA NA 19.0 19.3
 Uncomfortable 2.4 2.1 NA NA 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.3 3.3 3.4 8.8 9.1 3.6 3.4 NA NA 2.7 2.6
 Missing value 0.1 0.1 NA NA 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NA NA 0.1 0.1
 Total
  (n)
100
(392 145)
100
(435 686)
NA NA 100
(164 515)
100
(191 196)
100
(81 405)
100
(88 574)
100
(64 839)
100
(70 301)
100
(131 485)
100
(152 245)
100
(59 125)
100
(64 478)
100
(71 535)
100
(76 258)
NA NA 100
(965 049)
100
(1 078 739)
Household overcrowding†
 Not overcrowded 68.6 72.1 NA NA 81.0 83.2 86.1 88.0 87.3 89.1 85.3 86.9 80.2 81.4 87.8 88.7 NA NA 67.3 80.3
 Overcrowded 31.4 27.9 NA NA 18.8 16.7 13.8 11.9 12.6 10.9 14.7 13.1 19.8 18.6 12.2 11.3 NA NA 32.7 19.7
 Missing value 0.0 0.0 NA NA 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NA NA 0.0 0.0
 Total
  (n)
100
(392 145)
100
(435 686)
NA NA 100
(164 515)
100
(191 196)
100
(81 405)
100
(88 574)
100
(64 839)
100
(70 301)
100
(131 485)
100
(152 245)
100
(59 125)
100
(64 478)
100
(71 535)
100
(76 258)
NA NA 100
(965 049)
100
(1 078 739)
Citizenship
 Italian 96.2 96.5 98.2 98.4 96.3 96.5 94.7 94.6 95.1 95.7 98.3 98.2 98.9 98.7 95.5 95.9 97.7 97.2 97.1 97.0
 Highly developed countries 0.2 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5
 High migratory pressure countries 3.6 3.1 0.3 0.5 3.3 3.0 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.0 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.1 4.3 3.7 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.5
 Missing value 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

*Education is the highest attained level of education. For each educational level the correspondence with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is provided.

†Variable available only for non-institutionalised individuals.

‡Composite variable that combines housing ownership, home dimension, availability of toilets inside the house and availability of heating system.

NA, not available; in the Venetian data it is not possible to distinguish between self-employed with or without employees.