Table 3.
OR for women with a strong SOC who completed the HLEQ questionnaire in 1996–2000 (women with a strong SOC sample size=7192)
| Characteristic | OR and 95% CI | P value for model C | |||
| Unadjusted | Model A* | Model B† | Model C‡ | ||
| Sociodemographics | |||||
| Age | |||||
| <65 | 2.15 (1.30 to 3.56) | 2.58 (1.48 to 4.50) | 1.89 (1.06 to 3.38) | 2.13 (1.18 to 3.85) | 0.0118 |
| ≥65 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Education§ | |||||
| Low | 0.48 (0.29 to 0.78) | 0.54 (0.33 to 0.89) | 0.59 (0.36 to 0.98) | 0.59 (0.35 to 1.00) | 0.0483 |
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Not married‡‡ | 1.42 (0.91 to 2.22) | 1.56 (0.99 to 2.47) | 1.25 (0.78 to 2.01) | 1.22 (0.76 to 1.96) | 0.4131 |
| Social class¶ | |||||
| Manual | 0.72 (0.46 to 1.12) | 0.84 (0.53 to 1.34) | 0.86 (0.53 to 1.39) | 0.83 (0.52 to 1.35) | 0.4592 |
| Non-manual | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Employed | |||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| No | 0.94 (0.62 to 1.41) | 1.46 (0.94 to 2.26) | 1.44 (0.92 to 2.25) | 1.25 (0.79 to 1.97) | 0.3461 |
| Townsend Index | |||||
| Deprivation | |||||
| Yes (>0) | 1.38 (0.83 to 2.29) | 1.43 (0.86 to 2.39) | 1.32 (0.79 to 2.21) | 1.29 (0.77 to 2.17) | 0.3366 |
| No (≤0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Health status | |||||
| Life-time MDD | |||||
| Yes | 10.39 (6.79 to 15.89) | 9.32 (6.05 to 14.35) | 8.58 (5.53 to 13.31) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Prevalent physical disease** | |||||
| Yes | 2.18 (1.40 to 3.41) | 1.72 (1.10 to 2.71) | 0.0185 | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Disability level | |||||
| High†† | 2.07 (1.36 to 3.16) | 1.92 (1.21 to 3.05) | 0.0059 | ||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
*Adjusted for sociodemographics (age, education, marital status, social class, employment).
†Adjusted for sociodemographics lifetime MDD.
‡Adjusted for sociodemographics lifetime MDD, prevalent physical disease and disability.
§High education: O-level, A-level, degree; low education: refers to no education.
¶Manual: skilled manual, semi-skilled, non-skilled; non-manual: professionals, managerial, skilled non-manual.
**Prevalent physical disease: respiratory disease (asthma, bronchitis), allergies (allergies, hay fever), stroke, heart attack, cancer, diabetes, thyroid conditions, arthritis.
††Below the median PCS value of 50.6.
‡‡Not married: single, divorced, separated, widowed.
HLEQ, Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire; MDD, major depressive disorder; PCS, physical component summary score; SOC, sense of coherence.