Table 2.
Crude and age–sex standardised prevalence of non-communicable diseases and risk factors among study participants, Rivière Froide, Carrefour and Cabral region of Thomonde, Central Plateau, Haiti, 2015
| Prevalence by sex | Prevalence by location | Overall prevalence | ||||||
| Males | Females | P values*
(sex) |
Urban | Rural | P values† (location) | Standardised‡ | SE | |
| Risk factors | ||||||||
| Smoking (n=2124) | 13.7 | 5.0 | 0.000 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 0.666 | 9.3 | 1.50 |
| Overweight and Obese§ (n=2074) | 14.3 | 34.3 | 0.000 | 30.4 | 18.2 | 0.000 | 24.3 | 2.98 |
| Large waist circumference (n=2074) | 4.2 | 34.4 | 0.000 | 21.4 | 17.1 | 0.000 | 19.3 | 3.70 |
| High total cholesterol (n=1819) | 0.4 | 4.0 | 0.000 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.037 | 2.3 | 0.64 |
| High triglycerides (n=1819) | 5.9 | 9.0 | 0.001 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 0.521 | 7.4 | 0.78 |
| High LDL (n=1819) | 0.8 | 4.5 | 0.000 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 0.203 | 2.7 | 0.69 |
| Low HDL (n=1819) | 35.8 | 33.6 | 0.100 | 32.3 | 36.2 | 0.094 | 34.7 | 1.49 |
| Metabolic syndrome (n=2074) | 15.1 | 37.5 | 0.000 | 30.1 | 22.5 | 0.000 | 26.3 | 3.27 |
| Non-communicable diseases | ||||||||
| Hypertension (n=2104) | 11.0 | 20.2 | 0.000 | 17.1 | 14.1 | 0.185 | 15.6 | 2.93 |
| Diabetes (n=1858) | 18.6 | 20.8 | 0.001 | 16.4 | 23.1 | 0.000 | 19.7 | 1.57 |
| Chronic kidney disease¶ (n=1980) | 8.8 | 15.8 | 0.000 | 14.2 | 10.5 | 0.086 | 12.3 | 2.72 |
*Comparing male and female prevalence.
†Comparing urban and rural prevalence.
‡Age–sex standardised.
§BMI defined as ≥25 kg/m2.
¶Chronic kidney disease stages 3–5.
BMI, body mass index.