CD-associated AIEC LF82 bacteria induce low-grade intestinal inflammation and increase intestinal permeability. (A) Fecal lipocalin-2 concentration of WT and transgenic (TG) mice gavaged with PBS or AIEC LF82 bacteria from D1 to D3 at D4. WT + PBS: n = 11; WT + LF82: n = 12; TG + PBS: n = 12; TG + LF82: n = 21. (B) Fecal lipocalin-2 concentration of WT and transgenic (TG) mice gavaged with PBS or AIEC LF82 bacteria from D1 to D3 at D21. Values are expressed as pg/ml of lipocalin-2 per grams of feces. WT + PBS: n = 5; WT + LF82: n = 5; TG+PBS: n = 5; TG + LF82: n = 8. Bars represent means and error bars represent SEM. (C) FITC-Dextran 4kDa plasmatic concentration, 5 hours after oral gavage with 15 mg of FITC-Dextran, at D0, D4 and D21, of WT and CEACBAC10 transgenic (TG) mice gavaged with PBS or AIEC LF82 bacteria from D1 to D3. Values are expressed as µg of FITC-Dextran per ml of plasma. At D0: WT + PBS: n = 4, WT + LF82: n = 6, TG + PBS: n = 4, TG + LF82: n = 5; at D4: WT + PBS: n = 4, WT + LF82: n = 6, TG + PBS: n = 4, TG + LF82: n = 5; at D21: WT + PBS: n = 4, WT + LF82: n = 5, TG + PBS: n = 4, TG + LF82: n = 5. Bars represent means and error bars represent SEM. *: p < 0.05. The 2-way ANOVA test was used to calculate significant differences and the Tukey test for post-hoc analysis.