Figure 14.

Role of ATI3 and UBAC2 in ER stress-induced autophagy-dependent ER degradation. Leaf protoplasts obtained from 4-wk-old plants were transformed with a BIP-GFP-KDEL construct. The final concentrations of TM and concA used in the experiments were 5 μg/mL and 1 μM, respectively. DMSO was used as a solvent control. Protoplasts were incubated at room temperature in darkness for 12 h, with 40 rpm orbital shaking. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the GFP fluorescence (A). Bar: 10 μm. The numbers of BIP-GFP-KDEL puncta per leaf protoplast in response to TM-induced ER stress were determined (B). Data represent means and standard errors calculated from 3 replicates (each with about 10 protoplasts for each genotype).