(A) Effect of PEM on cell viability. Mesothelioma cells were incubated for 72 h in the medium containing PEM (0-10 μM). (B) Apoptosis assay. Apoptotic cells were measured by TUNEL assay after 48 h-incubation in the presence of agents. FG-3019 alone induced apoptosis in ACC-MESO-4 and NCI-H290. (C) Migration assay. Migration assay using cell culture insert was performed after 24 h-incubation with agents. As compared with IgG group, migration was inhibited only in FG-3019 + PEM group, indicating that FG-3019 enhanced the effect of PEM. (D) Adhesion assay. Attached cells on Matrigel matrix-coated plate were measured with MTT assay. FG-3019 alone inhibited cell adhesion in the three cell lines. N = 4 in (C), N = 5 in (D), N = 3 in the others; means ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005. (B)-(D), IgG/FG-3019: 100 μg/ml, PEM: 1 μM. PEM, pemetrexed; N.S., not significant.