Table 2. Parameters of evaluation of surgical team, residents and medical students during live surgery sessions.
| Surgical team parameters | Mean Score after 2D group | Mean Score after 3D group | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables of surgical outcomea | |||
| - Precision | 3.2 (range 2–4) | 4.6 (range 3-5) | <.05 |
| - Definition of planes | 3.0 (range 2–4) | 4.8 (range 4–5) | <.05 |
| - Depth perception | 2.5 (range 1–4) | 4.8 (range 4–5) | <.05 |
| Variables of surgical strainb | |||
| - Wrist and hand strain | 3.1 (range 2–4) | 2.8 (range 2–4) | NS |
| - Neck and back strain | 1.8 (range 1-4) | 1.6 (range 1–3) | NS |
| - Eye strain | 2.8 (range 2–4) | 3.0 (range 2–4) | NS |
| - Dizziness and/or headache | 1 | 1.6 (1–2) | NS |
| Residents and medical students | |||
| Variables of surgical outcomea | |||
| - Precision | 2.3 (range 2–4) | 4.8 (range 4-5) | <.05 |
| - Definition of planes | 2.1 (range 2–3) | 4.7 (range 4–5) | <.05 |
| - Depth perception | 1.8 (range 2–4) | 4.8 (range 4–5) | <.05 |
| Variables of surgical strainb | |||
| - Wrist and hand strain | - | - | |
| - Neck and back strain | - | - | |
| - Eye strain | 3.5 (range 2–4) | 2.8 (range 2–4) | NS |
| - Dizziness and/or headache | 1.4 (range 1–2) | 1.8 (1–3) | <.05 |
| What is your interest for the surgery?c | 3.0 (range 1–5) | 4.8 (range 2–5) | <.05 |
aVariables of surgical outcome: score 1–5; 5 = excellent.
bVariables of surgical strain: score 1–5; 1 = no strain.
cQuestion only for medical students.