(A). After a 24 h culture in various concentrations of sulforaphane (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM) for 24 h, the lysates of SCC-9 cells were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by western blots with anti-mTOR, anti-AKT, anti-Beclin 1, anti-ERK, anti-JNK and anti-p38 (total and phosphorylated) antibodies. (B–C). SCC-9 cells were pretreated with or without U0126 (10 μM) for 1 h and then incubated in the presence or absence of combined sulforaphane (10 μM) for 23 h. The weastern blot assay was used for measurement of LC3 expression. Analysis of (C) cell migration of SCC-9 cells were assessed as described in Methods Section. (D) SCC-9 cells were pretreated with or without ERK siRNA (80 pmole) for 24 h and then incubated in the presence or absence of combined sulforaphane (10 μM) for 24 h. The values represented the means ± SD of at least 3 independent experiments. *p < 0.05, compared with the vehicle group. #p < 0.05, compared with the sulforaphane treated group.