Table 1. Characteristics and clinical profiles of the study subjects.
| T2D subjects‡ | p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| with NPDR | with PDR | ||
| n = 21 | n = 29 | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 12 (57.1%) | 16 (55.2%) | 0.890† |
| Female | 9 (42.9%) | 13 (44.8%) | |
| Age at diagnosis T2D (mean ± SD, years) | 46.3 ± 15.1 | 46.2 ± 9.6 | 0.967 |
| Duration of diabetes (mean ± SD, years) | 16.5 ± 10.0 | 16.3 ± 9.7 | 0.943 |
| HbA1C (%) | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 8.6 ± 2.2 | 0.884 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 2.9 | 26.5 ± 5.2 | 0.108 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 144.5 ± 16.5 | 145.2 ± 16.4 | 0.886 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.9 ± 9.7 | 81.7 ± 10.5 | 0.691 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Non smoker | 16 (76.2%) | 22 (75.9%) | 0.979† |
| Smoker | 5 (23.8%) | 7 (24.1%) | |
T2D, type 2 diabetes; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1C.
*Student’s t-test; †Chi-square test; ‡According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology proposed international scales for severity of clinical diabetic retinopathy.